Clipped representations of fourier-transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectra

Hsu, Annjia T.; Marshall, Alan G.; Ricca, Tom L.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)86256-x

Cited by 15 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…As a matter of fact, this procedure was initially invented for transforming time-series data into a series of discretized symbols that are processed to extract information about the generating process [37]. Of a number of successful studies on the technique [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], we focus our attention on the application to examining the pathological symptoms in the human heartbeat signals [43]. Here, in an effort to study climate variabilities, we attempt to apply the same methodology to revealing a climatic tipping point for our planet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing a Tipping Point in the Climate System: Application of Symbolic Analysis to the World Precipitations and Temperatures

Hayata

2022

Climate

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Climate variabilities over the period of 80 years (1930–2010) are analyzed by the combined use of divergence measures and rank correlation. First, on the basis of a statistical linguistics procedure, the m-th order differences of the monthly mean precipitations and temperatures on the globe are symbolized according to a binary coding rule. Subsequently, the annual 12-bit binary sequence for a station is divided into twelve 6-bit sequences by scanning it over a year. Computed results indicate that there is an optimal order of differences with which one can reveal the variabilities most distinctly. Specifically, it is found that for the analysis of precipitations, the second differences (m = 2) are most useful, whereas, for the temperatures, the third differences (m = 3) are preferable. A detailed comparison between the information-theoretic and the ranking methods suggests that along with the stability and coherence, owing to its ability to make an appeal to the eyes, the latter is superior to the former.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing a Tipping Point in the Climate System: Application of Symbolic Analysis to the World Precipitations and Temperatures

Hayata

2022

Climate

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Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: A primer

Marshall

Hendrickson

Jackson

1998

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

1,853

1,541

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Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

Marshall

Hendrickson

Jackson

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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This review offers an introduction to the principles and generic applications of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance/mass spectrometry (FTICR/MS), directed to readers with no prior experience with the technique. The fundamental Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) phenomenon is explained from a simplified theoretical treatment of ion behavior in idealized magnetic and electric fields. The effects of trapping voltage, trap size and shape, and other nonidealities are then manifested mainly as perturbations that preserve the idealized ion behavior modified by appropriate numerical correction factors. Topics include: effect of ion mass, charge, magnetic field, and trapping voltage on ion cyclotron frequency; excitation and detection of ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) signals; mass calibration; mass resolving power and mass accuracy; upper mass limit(s); dynamic range; detection limit, strategies for mass and energy selection for multiple mass spectroscopy (MS n ); ion axialization, cooling, and remeasurement; and means for guiding externally formed ions into the ion trap. The relationship of FTICR/MS to other types of Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy and to the Paul (quadrupole) ion trap is described. The article concludes with selected applications, an appendix listing accurate fundamental constants needed for ultrahigh‐precision analysis, and an annotated list of selected reviews and primary source publications describing various FTICR/MS techniques and applications in fuller detail.

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Clipped representations of fourier-transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectra

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Revealing a Tipping Point in the Climate System: Application of Symbolic Analysis to the World Precipitations and Temperatures

Revealing a Tipping Point in the Climate System: Application of Symbolic Analysis to the World Precipitations and Temperatures

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: A primer

Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

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