Clonal analysis of invasive pneumococcal isolates in Scotland and coverage of serotypes by the licensed conjugate polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine: possible implications for UK vaccine policy

McChlery, S. M.; Scott, Kevin J.; Clarke, Stuart C.

doi:10.1007/s10096-005-1313-y

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Serotypes causing invasive diseases differ from country to country; therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify the most common serotypes causing invasive diseases and to determine which of these are resistant to antimicrobial agents. Serogroup coverage rate for the 7-valent conjugate vaccine for children has been reported as 78% in the United States of America [9], 75.3% in Greece [10], 71% in England [11], 56% in Gambia [12], and 48.4% in Scotland [13]. Serotypes 1 and 5, which are not found in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine, have been reported to be common serotypes, especially in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-year surveillance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in central Turkey prior to the introduction of a conjugate vaccine

Perçin

Altintop

Sümerkan

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to characterize the serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in central Turkey. Methodology: A total of 332 invasive S. pneumoniae isolates were identified, serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by routine microbiological methods. Results: The most common serogroups/serotypes were 1, 19, 3, 18, 6, 14, and 7 in rank order. Serogroup/serotype coverage of the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine, and the 7-, 10-, and 13-valent conjugate vaccines were 96%, 44%, 78.6%, 96.4%, respectively. Overall, 20 (6%) of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, 1 (0.3%) to cefotaxime, 20 (6%) to erythromycin, 13 (4%) to cloramphenicol, and 120 (36%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxasole. Among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isolates, 20 (18.5%) were resistant to penicillin (26.3% and 11.5%, respectively, of child and adult meningitis cases; p≥0.05). Conclusions: Although the seven-valent conjugate vaccine is expected to protect less than half of children younger than three years of age, of the incorporation of this vaccine into the routine immunization program of Turkey is advised to continue. However, the 13-valent conjugate vaccine, including serotypes 1, 3, 5, and 7, has the most potential prevent the highest burden of invasive pneumococcal diseases in this age group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-year surveillance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in central Turkey prior to the introduction of a conjugate vaccine

Perçin

Altintop

Sümerkan

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…However, the majority of invasive and noninvasive diseases are associated with a much smaller number of serotypes. The surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has improved substantially throughout the United Kingdom in recent years due to interest in the potential for new pneumococcal vaccines (10,16,24,25,30). There remains a considerable burden of IPD in the United Kingdom, particularly during the winter months, despite the availability of antibiotics and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) (16,24).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There remains a considerable burden of IPD in the United Kingdom, particularly during the winter months, despite the availability of antibiotics and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) (16,24). The recent implementation of PPV for the elderly and the potential introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) for young children mean that there is now excellent pneumococcal serotype data available for IPD in the United Kingdom, as well as some molecular characterization data (24,30). In England and Wales, the overall incidence of IPD is 8.6 per 100,000 population (16), with the highest burden among the very young and elderly, an excess of 30 per 100,000 (16,32,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In Scotland, the overall incidence of IPD is 11 cases per 100,000 population, although the incidence rises to 51 cases per 100,000 in those aged 1 year and 45 cases per 100,000 in those aged over 65 years (24). The 10 most common pneumococcal serogroups associated with IPD in England and Wales are 14, 9, 6, 19, 23, 8, 1, 4, 18, and 7 (16), while the most common serotypes in Scotland are 14, 8, 9V, 1, 3, 22F, 23F, 6B, 18C, and 19F (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Potential Impact of Conjugate Vaccine on the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children in Scotland

Clarke

Jefferies

Smith³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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We sought to determine the potential impact of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children in Scotland. Invasive pneumococci from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, isolated between 2000 and 2004 from all children aged less than 5 years in Scotland, were characterized by serotyping. Using reported efficacy data of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) along with likely coverage rates, we made an estimation of the potential impact on the incidence of IPD among children in Scotland. A total of 217 pneumococci were characterized into 22 different serogroups/types, the most common, in rank order, being 14, 19F, 6B, 18C, 23F, 9V, 4, 1, 19A, and 6A. Estimated serotype coverage for PCV7 was 76.5% in those aged less than 5 years of age but increased to 88.9% for those aged 1 year. By using serotype coverage and estimates of vaccine efficacy and uptake, the potential impact of the vaccine for those greater than 2 months of age, but less than 5 years, was estimated as 67.3%, leading to an average of 29 preventable cases per year.

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“…Serotype 1 ranks among the most prevalent invasive serotypes in many countries (Garcia et al, 2006;Konradsen & Kaltoft, 2002;McChlery et al, 2005;Porat et al, 2001). In Brazil, since 1977, serotype 1 has been identified as one of the most frequent pneumococci causing severe infections in both adult and paediatric patients (Brandileone et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular assessment of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 in Brazil: evidence of clonal replacement

Chiou

Andrade

Almeida

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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In Brazil, serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most prevalent causes of severe infection. This study investigated the genetic relatedness of 134 serotype 1 isolates obtained from invasive diseases during the period . Molecular typing by PFGE revealed two major lineages using visual inspection and computer analysis. Type A comprised 94 isolates (70.2 %) with four subtypes, whereas type B comprised 40 isolates (29.8 %) with eight subtypes. Subtype A3, the most frequent genotype, accounting for 65 % of the total isolates, was identified as a representative of clone Sweden 1 -40 (ST304). Type B was predominant in the period [1977][1978][1979][1980][1981][1982][1983][1984][1985][1986][1987][1988]. In contrast, an increase in the type A lineage was detected from 1990 in Brazil, significantly associated with isolates recovered from pneumonia cases and from young patients. This study clearly established a temporal switch between two lineages of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 in Brazil, with a wide dispersion of clone Sweden 1 -40 in recent years. INTRODUCTIONThe polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae can be used to define more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes, in addition to acting as the primary virulence determinant for this organism. Some serotypes are mostly associated with nasopharyngeal carriage, whilst others are more likely to be the causative agents of invasive disease (Alannee et al., 2007;Hausdorff et al., 2005).Serotype 1 ranks among the most prevalent invasive serotypes in many countries (Garcia et al., 2006;Konradsen & Kaltoft, 2002;McChlery et al., 2005;Porat et al., 2001). In Brazil, since 1977, serotype 1 has been identified as one of the most frequent pneumococci causing severe infections in both adult and paediatric patients (Brandileone et al., 2003). In the period 2000-2005, serotype 1 isolates were ranked fourth (5.6 %) among the principal serotypes identified in Brazilian children up to 6 years of age, preceded by serotypes 14 (35.9 %), 6B (11 %) and 18C (6.1 %) (Pan-American Health Organization, 2007).Serotype 1 has specific epidemiological features, including: (i) a low colonization frequency, even in populations in which serotype 1 is a frequent cause of pneumococcal infections (Laval et al., 2006;Normark et al., 2001;Nunes et al., 2008); (ii) the ability to cause outbreaks in communities and in crowded and closed institutions (Dagan et al., 2000;Leimkugel et al., 2005); (iii) an association with severe episodes of pneumonia and empyema in children (Byington et al., 2006); and (iv) susceptibility to most antimicrobial agents (Klugman & Koornhof, 1988). Recently, some authors have speculated that isolates of serotype 1, which are known to have a highly invasive potential, behave as primary pathogens, whereas other capsular types demonstrate opportunistic features (Garau & Calbo, 2007;Hausdorff, 2007). Molecular typing studies have greatly contributed to epidemiological investigations of pneumococci, mostly focusing on the global spread of penicillin-resistant clones (Brueggem...

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Clonal analysis of invasive pneumococcal isolates in Scotland and coverage of serotypes by the licensed conjugate polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine: possible implications for UK vaccine policy

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Ten-year surveillance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in central Turkey prior to the introduction of a conjugate vaccine

Ten-year surveillance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in central Turkey prior to the introduction of a conjugate vaccine

Potential Impact of Conjugate Vaccine on the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children in Scotland

Molecular assessment of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 in Brazil: evidence of clonal replacement

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