Clonal spread of staphylococci among patients with peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Monsen, Tor; Olofsson, Carin; Rönnmark, Marianne; Wiström, Johan

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00882.x

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Antibiotic resistance is known to be widely spread in S. epidermidis strains. In a study of 75 peritonitis patients, 53% of the S. epidermidis strains isolated were methicillin-resistant, and similar levels of resistance have been reported in Europe and the United States (23). Phenotypic variation such as the antibiotic resistance seen here is thought to be promoted in biofilms because of processes such as mutation and horizontal gene transfer (24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Bacteria on Catheters in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

et al. 2013

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♦ Background: Peritonitis is the leading cause of morbidity for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and microbial biofilms have previously been identified on catheters from infected patients. However, few studies of catheters from patients without clinical signs of infection have been undertaken. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which bacteria are present on catheters from PD patients with no symptoms of infection. ♦ Methods: Microbiologic culturing under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to determine the distribution of bacteria on PD catheters from 15 patients without clinical signs of infection and on catheters from 2 infected patients. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique was used to identify cultured bacteria. ♦ Results: Bacteria were detected on 12 of the 15 catheters from patients without signs of infection and on the 2 catheters from infected patients. Single-species and mixed-microbial communities containing up to 5 species were present on both the inside and the outside along the whole length of the colonized catheters. The bacterial species most commonly found were the skin commensals Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, followed by S. warneri and S. lugdunensis. The strains of these micro-organisms, particularly those of S. epidermidis, varied in phenotype with respect to their tolerance of the major classes of antibiotics. ♦ Conclusions: Bacteria were common on catheters from patients without symptoms of infection. Up to 4 different bacterial species were found in close association and may represent a risk factor for the future development of peritonitis in patients hosting such micro-organisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Bacteria on Catheters in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

et al. 2013

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“…"Sonication (minutes)" denotes the duration of exposure to ultrasound in minutes. , preferably in one centrifuge tube after the final centrifugation, is resuspended in sterilized saline to give a total volume of 400 l. The suspended pellet is divided into four portions of 100 l each for direct microscopy and culture on appropriate agar media (blood, hematin, and anaerobic agar plates) (7). (vi) The number of CFU per implant is calculated from the agar plate with the highest number of CFU by multiplying this number by 4 (thus compensating for the 1:4 split of the bacterial suspension prior to culture).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Effect of Ultrasound on Bacteria and Suggested Protocol for Sonication and Diagnosis of Prosthetic Infections

Lövgren²,

et al. 2009

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Sonication of implants has been shown to be a promising method for diagnosis of prosthetic infections due to its improved sensitivity, simplicity, and low cost. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ultrasound performed under different conditions regarding temperature, duration, and composition of sonication tubes on bacterial species often associated with prosthetic infections. We found that ultrasound had an inhibitory effect on bacteria, of which gram-negative bacteria, in particular Escherichia coli, were almost eradicated after 5 min of sonication at 35°C. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be resistant to the effect of ultrasound. Four factors were important for the inhibitory effect of sonication: the type of microorganism, the temperature of the sonication buffer, the duration of exposure to ultrasound (minutes), and the material and composition of the sonication tube in which sonication is performed. On the basis of the results from the present study, we propose a protocol for sonication and recovery of bacteria associated with biofilm on infected implants prior to conventional culture. From the present protocol, we recommend sonication for 7 min at 22°C at the maximum effect which permits survival of gram-negative bacteria.

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“…DNA was prepared from a 3-ml bacterial culture in Todd-Hewitt broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI) as previously described (14). In summary, the DNA was digested using SmaI (MBI Fermentas, Villinius, Latvia), and the DNA fragments were separated by PFGE in a GenePath apparatus (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) using the program for Staphylococcus aureus (program 14) (50-500 kb) for 19.7 h according to the manufacturer's instructions (Bio-Rad).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus saprophyticus Isolated from Women with Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection

et al. 2007

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Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women. Little is known about the molecular epidemiology of S. saprophyticus UTIs. In the current study, we compared 76 isolates of S. saprophyticus prospectively isolated from women with uncomplicated UTI participating in a randomized placebo-controlled treatment trial performed in northern Sweden from 1995 to 1997 with 50 strains obtained in 2006 from five different locations in northern Europe with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The aim was to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of this uropathogenic species and to investigate whether specific clones are associated with UTI in women. A total of 47 different PFGE profiles were detected among the 126 analyzed isolates. Ten clusters consisting of 5 to 12 isolates each showing PFGE DNA similarity of >85% were identified. Several clusters of genetically highly related isolates were detected in the original trial as well as among isolates obtained during 2006 from different locations. In the original trial, clonal persistence was found among 16 of 21 (76%) patients examined in the placebo group at follow-up 8 to 10 days after inclusion, indicating a low spontaneous short-time bacteriological cure rate. We conclude that multiple clones of S. saprophyticus were causing lower UTIs in women. The result suggests that some human-pathogenic clones of S. saprophyticus are spread over large geographical distances and that such clones may persist over long periods of time.

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Clonal spread of staphylococci among patients with peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Bacteria on Catheters in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

Bacteria on Catheters in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

In Vitro Effect of Ultrasound on Bacteria and Suggested Protocol for Sonication and Diagnosis of Prosthetic Infections

Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus saprophyticus Isolated from Women with Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection

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