Cloning and characterization of ?2-microglobulin

Stewart, Robert L.; Ohta, Yuko; Minter, Ralph; Gibbons, Terry; Horton, Trudy L.; Ritchie, Pamela; Horton, John; Flajnik, Martin F.; Watson, Martin D.

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2004.12.004

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1119 and 867) revealed clear orthology to any human gene. However, upon examination of the X. tropicalis genetic map, we found that the B7HXen -containing scaffold-1146 was located near scaffold-673, which contains beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) (Stewart et al 2005). To confirm their close linkage, we performed a segregation analysis using genomic Southern blotting of a X. laevis family with 20 siblings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the B7 family: co-evolution of B7H6 and NKp30, identification of a new B7 family member, B7H7, and of B7's historical relationship with the MHC

et al. 2012

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The B7 family of genes is essential in the regulation of the adaptive immune system. Most B7 family members contain both variable (V)- and constant (C)-type domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Through in silico screening of the Xenopus genome and subsequent phylogenetic analysis, we found novel genes belonging to the B7 family, one of which is the recently discovered B7H6. Humans and rats have a single B7H6 gene, however many B7H6 genes were detected in a single large cluster in the Xenopus genome. The B7H6 expression patterns also varied in a species-specific manner. Human B7H6 binds to the activating natural killer receptor, NKp30. While the NKp30 gene is single-copy and maps to the MHC in most vertebrates, many Xenopus NKp30 genes were found in a cluster on a separate chromosome that does not harbor the MHC. Indeed, in all species so far analyzed from sharks to mammals, the number of NKp30 and B7H6 genes correlates well, suggestive of receptor-ligand co-evolution. Furthermore, we identified a Xenopus-specific B7 homolog (B7HXen) and revealed its close linkage to B2M, which we have demonstrated previously to have been originally encoded in the MHC. Thus, our study provides further proof that the B7 precursor was included in the proto MHC. Additionally, the comparative analysis revealed a new B7 family member, B7H7, which was previously designated in the literature as an unknown gene, HHLA2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the B7 family: co-evolution of B7H6 and NKp30, identification of a new B7 family member, B7H7, and of B7's historical relationship with the MHC

et al. 2012

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“…We generated stable 15/0 sub-lines expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specifically targeting and silencing b2m. Knock-down 15/0 b2m RNAi clones were generated by designing shRNA complementary to a consensus region of b2m that is conserved between the two genes found in Xenopus [36] and expressing them with the human U6 RNA polymerase III promoter (hU6). This construct was cotransfected with a plasmid containing a puromycinresistant gene as a selectable marker into the Xenopus 15/0 tumor cell line.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15/0 cells were transiently transfected with 1 lg Xenopus b2m construct in a pBudCE4.1 vector (Invitrogen) under the control of the human EF-1a promoter and containing a His-tag (kindly provided by M. Flajnik, University of Maryland, MA [36]). Cells were biotinylated as published [35] with NHS-LC-biotin (0.5 mg/mL)/amphibian phosphate buffered saline (APBS) solution and incubated for 30 min.…”

Section: Cell Surface Biotinylation Immunoprecipitation and Western mentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules in heat shock protein‐mediated anti‐tumor responses

et al. 2007

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Nonclassical MHC class Ib (class Ib) genes are found in all jawed vertebrates, and their products are hypothesized to be indicators of intracellular stress and malignancy. They may be involved in immune recognition of classical MHC class Ia (class Ia)‐low or ‐negative tumor cells through their interaction with T cell receptors and/or non‐T cell inhibitory or triggering receptors expressed by NK cells and T cells. In the frog Xenopus, the molecular chaperone gp96 mediates a potent immune response involving antigen‐specific classical class Ia‐unrestricted CD8+ CTL (CCU‐CTL) against a transplantable thymic tumor (15/0) that does not express class Ia molecules. We hypothesized that Xenopus nonclassical class Ib gene products (XNC) are involved in gp96‐mediated CCU‐CTL anti‐tumor responses. To investigate the involvement of class Ib gene products in Xenopus anti‐tumor responses, we generated, for the first time in ectothermic vertebrates, stable tumor transfectants expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to silence either XNC directly or β2m to prevent class Ib surface expression. Both types of 15/0 transfectants are more resistant to CCU‐CTL killing, more tumorigenic and more susceptible to NK‐like cell killing. This study provides in vitro and in vivo evidence of the evolutionary conservation of class Ib involvement in anti‐tumor CD8+ T cell responses.

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“…28 IFNγ is essential for the induction of FOXP3 in CD4+ T cells. 29, 30 Less research has been conducted on the influence of Tregs on humoral immunity; however, recent studies suggest that Tregs also inhibit B cell responses to antigens through IFNγ-related mechanisms. It has been suggested that alterations in the ratio of Tregs to T follicular helper cells within germinal centers exert control over Ab responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene signatures associated with adaptive humoral immunity following seasonal influenza A/H1N1 vaccination

et al. 2016

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This study aimed to identify gene expression markers shared between both influenza hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) and virus-neutralization antibody (VNA) responses. We enrolled 158 older subjects who received the 2010–2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Influenza-specific HAI and VNA titers, and mRNA-sequencing were performed using blood samples obtained at Days 0, 3 and 28 post-vaccination. For antibody response at Day 28 vs Day 0, several genesets were identified as significant in predictive models for HAI (n=7) and VNA (n=35) responses. Five genesets (comprising the genes MAZ, TTF, GSTM, RABGGTA, SMS, CA, IFNG, and DOPEY) were in common for both HAI and VNA. For response at Day 28 vs Day 3, many genesets were identified in predictive models for HAI (n=13) and VNA (n=41). Ten genesets (comprising biologically related genes, such as MAN1B1, POLL, CEBPG, FOXP3, IL12A, TLR3, TLR7, and others) were shared between HAI and VNA. These identified genesets demonstrated a high degree of network interactions and likelihood for functional relationships. Influenza-specific HAI and VNA responses demonstrated a remarkable degree of similarity. Although unique geneset signatures were identified for each humoral outcome, several genesets were determined to be in common with both HAI and VNA response to influenza vaccine.

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Cloning and characterization of ?2-microglobulin

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Evolution of the B7 family: co-evolution of B7H6 and NKp30, identification of a new B7 family member, B7H7, and of B7's historical relationship with the MHC

Evolution of the B7 family: co-evolution of B7H6 and NKp30, identification of a new B7 family member, B7H7, and of B7's historical relationship with the MHC

Involvement of nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules in heat shock protein‐mediated anti‐tumor responses

Gene signatures associated with adaptive humoral immunity following seasonal influenza A/H1N1 vaccination

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