Cloning and expression of a GST-pi gene in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Attempt to use the GST-pi transcript as a biomarker of pollution

Expression profiles of seven glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes from Venerupis philippinarum exposed to heavy metals and benzo[a]pyrene

“…The molecular biological approach in studying potential biomarker has been widely used as a reliable means to conduct environmental monitoring studies (Hoarau et al, 2006;Rhee et al, 2007). Owing to the sensitive response of mRNA expression to diverse forms of stressors, changes in mRNA expression of cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferases, superoxide dismutase, heat shock proteins, metallothioneins and vitellogenin have been frequently used for the diagnosis of environmental contamination (Hoarau et al, 2006;Sarkar et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2007).…”

“…Our previous studies had demonstrated that this species exhibited distinct biochemical and genetic responses when exposed to heavy metals and B[a]P Wang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011aZhang et al, , 2011b, possessing the requisite features of a promising indicator species. Because GST isoenzymes were considered useful biomarkers in mollusk species (Boutet et al, 2004;Hoarau et al, 2006;Wan et al, 2008aWan et al, , 2008bWan et al, , 2009, investigation on the expression profiles of VpGSTs isoforms to specific environmental pollutants would be helpful to identify potential biomarkers for future environmental biomonitoring. To our knowledge, only one GST-pi gene was cloned and characterized from V. philippinarum (Xu et al, 2010).…”

Molecular characterization of a manganese superoxide dismutase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

“…CuZnSOD was analyzed using the 2 ÀDDCT method [28] with bactin gene as the internal control [27,29]. The primers used to quantify the expression of MgeMnSOD and MgeCuZnSOD were listed in Table 1.…”

Proteomic identification, cDNA cloning and enzymatic activity of glutathione S-transferases from the generalist marine gastropod, Cyphoma gibbosum

“…The majority of studies reporting GST activity from molluscs have used GST activity measurements as an indicator of pollutant exposure [13,[42][43][44][45]. Although the level of GST activity in C. gibbosum is high even in comparison to that of molluscs exposed to pollutants known to induce GST expression [46][47][48], this high activity is unlikely to be a response to anthropogenic contamination, given the remote site of collection.…”

“…The majority of sequences are grouped within the pi class, with representatives from cephalopods (squid, octopus) and seven bivalve species ( [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]; GenBank accession nos. EF194203, EF520700, DQ530213, DQ530212).…”