Cloning and Sequencing of a Bottle-Nosed Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Interleukin-1.ALPHA. and -1.BETA. Complementary DNAs.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) IL-1α and IL-1β cDNA were cloned from mitogen stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) RNA utilizing the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The sequences of these cDNAs showed that dolphin IL-1α and IL-1β clones contained open reading frames encoding 265 and 266 amino acids, respectively. Comparison of the deduced amino acid showed that dolphin IL-1α sequence shared 77, 77, 77, 74, 71, 65 and 57% similarity with the bovine, ovine, porcine, equine, feline, human and mouse IL-1α sequences, respectively. Similarly, the amino acid sequence showed that dolphin IL-1β shared 77, 77, 74, 69, 65, 64 and 63% similarity with the bovine, ovine, porcine, equine, feline, human and mouse IL-1β sequences, respectively. The relatedness of dolphin IL-1α and IL-1β were relatively distant with 21% amino acid homology.-KEY WORDS: bottlenosed dolphin, IL-1α, IL-1β.

Cytokine and acute phase protein expression in blood samples of harbour seal pups

“…Several studies investigated cytokine-like activities or cytokine/APP expression in whales or dolphins (Beineke et al, 2004, Denis and Archambault, 2001Fonfara et al, 2007a, b;Funke et al, 2003;Inoue et al, 1999aInoue et al, , b, c, 2001Ness et al, 1998;Shoji et al, 2001;St-Laurent et al, 2000). For harbor (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) IL-1-like activity in leukocytes is reported (King et al, 1995).…”

Recent Cytokine Findings and Implications Toward Health Assessment of the Bottlenose Dolphin (<I>Tursiops truncatus</I>)

“…Information on T. truncatus IL-8, IL-4, IL-2, IL-1 (α and β), TNF-α, and IFN-γ is accessible in the literature (McMahon, 1996;Inoue et al, 1999aInoue et al, , 1999bInoue et al, , 1999cShoji et al, 2001;Bradley & Reynolds, 2002;King & Stott, 2002). A T. truncatus micro-array that contains IL-1R, IL-8R, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-12, IL-16, IL-17, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β is also available (Mancia et al, 2007).…”

“…Establishment of which species may have preeminent cytokine cross-reactivity for T. truncatus could support immunological studies when a specific cytokine is needed but is not available. The amino acid sequences for T. truncatus IL-1α, IL-1β (Inoue et al, 1999c), IL-2 (Bradley & Reynolds, 2002), IL-4 (Inoue et al, 1999a), IL-8 (Itou et al, 2003), IFN-γ (Inoue et al, 1999b), and TNF-α (Shoji et al, 2001) were aligned with cytokines from other species and evaluated using the NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool ( Local Alignment Search Tool ( Local Alignment Search Tool BLAST) protein BLAST) protein BLAST database search programs to help to establish functional and evolutionary relationships between sequences (Altschul et al, 1990(Altschul et al, , 1997Madden et al, 1996;. Using the BLAST method analysis, no consistent higher BLAST method analysis, no consistent higher BLAST percentage identity of the T. truncatus cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IFN-γ, or TNF-α was found with homologos cytokines from other species.…”

“…TNF-α has not only been identified and sequenced in T. truncatus (Shoji et al, 2001), Table 1. Percentage of amino acid sequences' identity for T. truncatus cytokines versus homologs from other species; T. truncatus IL-8 from Itou et al (2003) and IL-1α, IL-1β, and Interferon-γ from Inoue et al (1999bInoue et al ( , 1999c versus homologs of several terrestrial species are shown. The T. truncatus IL-2 nucleotide sequence obtained from Bradley & Reynolds (2002) was submitted in NCBI BLAST as translated query versus translated database and amino acid sequence percentage identity BLAST as translated query versus translated database and amino acid sequence percentage identity BLAST acquired.…”

“…Since expression levels of IL-1 can increase following the release of stress hormones (Calcagni & Elenkov, 2006) and as IL-1 has an important function in both acute and chronic inflammation (Dinarello, 1994;Feghali & Wright, 1997), evaluation of plasma expression levels of this cytokine may be an additional tool in the assessment of the general health of a freeranging dolphin. Cloning and sequencing of IL-1α (BAA87946) and IL-1β (BAA87947) in T. truncatus has been reported in the NCBI database (Inoue et al, 1999c). Specific in vitro immuno-assays have shown that IL-1β cytostatic activity can be inhibited in human melanoma cells pre-treated with dolphin recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (Inoue et al, 2001).…”