Cloning, expression and functional characterization on vitellogenesis of estrogen receptors in Scatophagus argus

Expression profile of sex steroid hormone estrogen receptors (ERs) in the development of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ Epinephelus polyphekadion ♂)

“…In goldfish, gilthead seabream and gilthead seabream the estrogen receptors were found to express mainly in gonads, but the overall expression in heart, liver, stomach, muscle intestine and head kidney showed largely corresponding expression patterns in hybrid grouper (Kato et al, 1995), the profiles of hgERs expression are similar to previously reported in tissue samples that were studied for all ERs in sea bass, with similar echelons among tissues (Lannigan, 2003) indicating possible similar function in hybrid grouper. The analysis of tissue expression in various tissue samples discovered all the three estrogen receptors expressed widely in hybrid grouper tissues which are in agreement with results from other studies (Cui et al, 2017;Cheng et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2011;Filby and Tyler, 2005;Halm et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2003) with the highest expression level in the heart contrary to study in goldfish which reported that ERα mRNA expression level was highest in the pituitary gland (Choi and Habibi, 2003). The expression of three estrogen receptors at differential expression configurations in tissues indicates that they might have diverse physiological roles.…”

“…Also, the Independent samples T-test was also used, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. All statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) (Cui et al, 2017).…”

“…The hybrid grouper ERs genes shared high ranks of protein distinctiveness between the "DNA-binding domains" and contained the conserved motifs and elements believed to be essential for specific nuclear localization and command for target genes (Cui et al, 2017;Hall et al, 2002). There was also the reasonable uniqueness in the area called E/F domains or ligandbinding domains of the estrogen receptors which may be accountable "in part for the ligand-specificity and the different" answers to estrogen (Cui et al, 2017;Danielian et al, 1992;Kumar et al, 1987).…”

“…The hybrid grouper ERs genes shared high ranks of protein distinctiveness between the "DNA-binding domains" and contained the conserved motifs and elements believed to be essential for specific nuclear localization and command for target genes (Cui et al, 2017;Hall et al, 2002). There was also the reasonable uniqueness in the area called E/F domains or ligandbinding domains of the estrogen receptors which may be accountable "in part for the ligand-specificity and the different" answers to estrogen (Cui et al, 2017;Danielian et al, 1992;Kumar et al, 1987). The "ligand-binding domain", the AF-2 which is the "estrogen-dependent activation domains" were also observed to be conserved, indicating the similarity with other fishes, including Scatophagus argus, E. coioides, and S. schlegelii (Cui et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2003).…”

“…There was also the reasonable uniqueness in the area called E/F domains or ligandbinding domains of the estrogen receptors which may be accountable "in part for the ligand-specificity and the different" answers to estrogen (Cui et al, 2017;Danielian et al, 1992;Kumar et al, 1987). The "ligand-binding domain", the AF-2 which is the "estrogen-dependent activation domains" were also observed to be conserved, indicating the similarity with other fishes, including Scatophagus argus, E. coioides, and S. schlegelii (Cui et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2003). Accepted functional sites of the protein for hgERs exhibited consistency with ERs.…”