Close association of a DNA replication origin and an<i>ARS</i>element on chromosome III of the yeast,<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

Huberman, Joel A.; Zhu, Jiguang; Davis, Leslie R.; Newlon, Carol S.

doi:10.1093/nar/16.14.6373

Cited by 179 publications

(132 citation statements)

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“…Some, but not all of these ARSs have been shown to function as chromosomal origins of replication through analysis of replication intermediates by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis (e.g. Huberman et al 1988;Dubey et al 1991;Ferguson et al 1991;reviewed in Newlon & Theis 1993). Restriction fragments containing yeast replication origins have subsequently been shown to replicate at very different times during S phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 200 kb segment of the chromosome located between the left telomere and the MAT locus contains 14 ARSs, six of which are active as origins of replication (including ARS308, a weakly active origin; Huberman et al 1988;Newlon et al 1991;Deshpande & Newlon 1992;Greenfeder & Newlon 1992;Zhu et al 1992;Newlon & Theis 1993). Interestingly, most inactive origins on the chromosome are contained within or proximal to sequences that maintain a silent chromatin context for the genes involved in the gene conversion event that switches yeast mating type (HML and MAT, Dubey et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replication profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VI

1997

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VI

1997

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“…The eukaryotic origins of DNA replication were first discovered in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and were named autonomously replicating sequences (ARS) 1 (2)(3)(4). Many yeast ARS elements have been characterized in detail, which has allowed the discovery of many cis-acting replication proteins and regulators of DNA replication (5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Modulation of DNA Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nuclear Extract by DNA Polymerases and the Origin Recognition Complex

Mitkova

Biswas-Fiss

Biswas

2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We have analyzed the modulation of DNA synthesis on a supercoiled plasmid DNA template by DNA polymerases (pol), minichromosome maintenance protein complex (Mcm), topoisomerases, and the origin recognition complex (ORC) using an in vitro assay system. Antisera specific against the four-subunit pol ␣, the catalytic subunit of pol ␦, and the Mcm467 complex each inhibited DNA synthesis. However, DNA synthesis in this system appeared to be independent of pol⑀. Consequently, DNA synthesis in the in vitro system appeared to depend only on two polymerases, ␣ and ␦, as well as the Mcm467 DNA helicase. This system requires supercoiled plasmid DNA template and DNA synthesis absolutely required DNA topoisomerase I. In addition, we also report here a novel finding that purified recombinant six subunit ORC significantly stimulated the DNA synthesis on a supercoiled plasmid DNA template containing an autonomously replicating sequence, ARS1.Studies on the replication of genomes of bacteriophages, plasmids, viruses, and prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have established general mechanisms of DNA replication (1). The eukaryotic origins of DNA replication were first discovered in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and were named autonomously replicating sequences (ARS) 1 (2-4). Many yeast ARS elements have been characterized in detail, which has allowed the discovery of many cis-acting replication proteins and regulators of DNA replication (5, 6). The discovery by Bell and Stillman (7,8) that the in vivo initiation of DNA replication in S. cerevisiae requires a six subunit origin recognition complex (ORC) is a major advancement in understanding the mechanism of eukaryotic DNA replication. In the G 1 phase of the cell cycle, Cdc6p, Cdt1p, minichromosome maintenance (Mcm), and Cdc45p proteins bind sequentially to DNA to form a prereplication complex (pre-RC) (9 -11). At the G 1 /S boundary, S phase-specific cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks) and particularly the Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase transform the pre-RC into an active replication complex (10 -12). Finally, the initiation coincides with the association of the polymerase ␣/primase (pol ␣/primase) complex to the RPA-coated unwound origins (10). S and M phase-specific Cdks block the re-binding of Mcm to the chromatin and prevent a new round of initiations until mitosis (13).The Mcm protein family that is required for DNA replication in eukaryotes consists of six proteins (Mcm 2-7) with highly conserved amino acids between the six polypeptides. All of these proteins are essential for the cell viability (13, 14). The Mcm467 proteins form a relatively stable core complex and other Mcm proteins are loosely associated to it (14 -17). It has been demonstrated that a DNA helicase activity is associated with the Mcm467 complex, suggesting that this complex is involved in the initiation of DNA replication as a DNA unwinding enzyme (18,19). Furthermore, Mcm467 remains associated with the replication fork during the elongation step of DNA replication (20). Among a number of candidate D...

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“…In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, short distinct chromosomal fragments, identified as autonomously replicating sequences act as replication origins in chromosomes (3,4). Several lines of evidence obtained from in vivo footprinting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and chromatin fractionation demonstrate that the initiation factors are assembled into replication complexes (RC) 1 at replication origins (5-10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Scheduled Conversion of Replication Complex Architecture at Replication Origins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the Cell Cycle

Tadokoro

Fujita

Miura

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Replication of DNA within Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes is initiated from multiple origins, whose activation follow their own inherent time schedules during the S phase of the cell cycle. It has been demonstrated that a characteristic replicative complex (RC) that includes an origin recognition complex is formed at each origin and shifts between post-and pre-replicative states during the cell cycle. We wanted to determine whether there was an association between this shift in the state of the RC and firing events at replication origins. Time course analyses of RC architecture using UVfootprinting with synchronously growing cells revealed that pre-replicative states at both early and late firing origins appeared simultaneously during late M phase, remained in this state during G 1 phase, and converted to the post-replicative state at various times during S phase. Because the conversion of the origin footprinting profiles and origin firing, as assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, occurred concomitantly at each origin, then these two events must be closely related. However, conversion of the late firing origin occurred without actual firing. This was observed when the late origin was suppressed in clb5-deficient cells and a replication fork originating from an outside origin replicated the late origin passively. This mechanism ensures that replication at each chromosomal locus occurs only once per cell cycle by shifting existing pre-RCs to the post-RC state, when it is replicated without firing.Replication of DNA within eukaryotic chromosomes is initiated from multiple sites termed origins of replication. In somatic cells, initiation at origins of replication occurs in a fixed order during a limited period called the S phase (1, 2). Precise replication of chromosomal DNA once per cell cycle requires suppression of each origin of replication after it has fired until the beginning of next S phase. In addition, if a region served by one replication origin is replicated after initiation at a flanking origin, then this unused origin must also be suppressed. Although such a phenomenon has been generally accepted, its precise mechanism has not yet been elucidated.In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, short distinct chromosomal fragments, identified as autonomously replicating sequences act as replication origins in chromosomes (3, 4). Several lines of evidence obtained from in vivo footprinting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and chromatin fractionation demonstrate that the initiation factors are assembled into replication complexes (RC) 1 at replication origins (5-10). The origin recognition complex (ORC) binds to an essential sequence (autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) consensus sequence (ACS)) within replication origins throughout the cell cycle (5-7). In G 1 phase, Cdc6p and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are sequentially recruited to the ACS-bound ORC to form the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) (6, 7, 10, 11). Its formation can be monitored by in vivo footprinting with D...

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Close association of a DNA replication origin and anARSelement on chromosome III of the yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract: Two dimensional gel electrophoretic techniques were used to locate all functional DNA replication origins in a 22.5 kb stretch of yeast chromosome III. Only one origin was detected, and that origin is located within several hundred bp of an ARS element.

Cited by 179 publications

References 14 publications

Replication profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VI

Replication profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VI

Modulation of DNA Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nuclear Extract by DNA Polymerases and the Origin Recognition Complex

Scheduled Conversion of Replication Complex Architecture at Replication Origins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the Cell Cycle

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