Closed circuit desalination series No 7: retrofit design for improved performance of conventional BWRO system

Efraty, A.; Gal, Zviel

doi:10.1080/19443994.2012.664716

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The Q mi flow rate in (9) may be expressed in terms of Q HP and Q CP according to (10), since under CCD operational conditions Q HP = Q p and Q mo = Q CP . Strict module performance control of CCD requires operation with fixed MR and according to (9) this may be possible only if each of the Q HP and Q CP flow rates is kept constant. Strict control of Q HP and Q CP requires vfd controlled HP and CP pumps through flow monitoring means.…”

Section: Typical Performance Of Small Compact Bwro-ccd Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recently emerging new closed circuit desalination (CCD) technology [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] of high-recovery and low-energy BWRO irrespective of the number of elements per module is noteworthy in particular in the context of small compact units for diverse applications, a subject matter to be discussed hereinafter. The BWRO-CCD technology [3,7,10] takes place by internal concentrate recycling with occasional replacement of brine by fresh feed and is characterized by high-recovery, low-energy consumption without need of energy recovery, reduced fouling (scaling and/or biofouling) and flexible control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CCD Series No-10: small compact BWRO closed-circuit desalination (CCD) units of high-recovery, low-energy and reduced fouling for supplied water upgrade to industry, irrigation, domestic, and medical applications

Efraty¹

2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TThe recently emerging new closed circuit desalination (CCD) technology enables performing high-recovery and low-energy BWRO desalination of reduced fouling irrespective of the number of elements per module and thus opened the door to a new class of small compact units for diverse applications. The design aspects and performance prospects of such small compact BWRO-CCD units (<5.4 m 3 /h; <130 m 3 /d) are illustrated with modules comprising either two or three elements each (MEn with n = 2-3). Since small compact BWRO units are extensively used for supplied water upgrade to industry, irrigation, domestic and medical applications, the unique performance characteristics of said small compact CCD units of high recovery and low energy is exemplified with feed of 200-750 ppm NaCl which cover the range of 230-900 ppm of ordinary supplied water sources worldwide. The supplied water upgrade by said compact CCD units are illustrated at the level of a single-pass quality permeates as well as at the level of double-pass quality permeates of exceptionally low salinity in the range 0.13-1.54 ppm depending on the feed salinity and the membrane salt rejection characteristics. The double-pass process in these compact CCD units implicate the use of first pass permeates as feed to the second pass, thereby enabling the same unit execute either a single or a double-pass process depending on the desired quality of permeate.

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Section: Typical Performance Of Small Compact Bwro-ccd Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCD Series No-10: small compact BWRO closed-circuit desalination (CCD) units of high-recovery, low-energy and reduced fouling for supplied water upgrade to industry, irrigation, domestic, and medical applications

Efraty¹

2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…However, a new process is emerging that promises to improve nearly every aspect of RO performance (Efraty, 2012, 2010a, 2010b; Efraty & Gal, 2011; Efraty et al, 2011). It is called closed‐circuit desalination (CCD).…”

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confidence: 99%

A New Process for High‐Recovery, Low‐Energy RO Treatment

Stover¹

2014

Journal AWWA

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Water scarcity affects 2.8 billion people globally. Industry is responsible for nearly 60% of freshwater withdrawals in the United States and in other developed countries. This puts tremendous pressure on water resources, which will only increase with growth. First commercialized in the 1970s, reverse osmosis (RO) is widely applied today to purify water supplies and treat wastewater. Traditional RO systems create excess brine waste, do not use water supplies efficiently, and consume significant amounts of energy. However, a new process is emerging that promises to improve nearly every aspect of RO performance. It is called closed‐circuit desalination.

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“…To achieve these, there have been several approaches, including using highly permeable membrane materials [8,9], employing high efficiency ERD to recover the energy losses in pressurized brine, and using renewable energy resources to subsidize the electrical energy demand [10,11]. Optimum designs of BWRO systems [12,13] provide another effective approach to achieve these goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Configurations for High-Recovery Inland Desalination Systems

Qiu

Davies

2012

Water

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Desalination of brackish groundwater (BW) is an effective approach to augment water supply, especially for inland regions that are far from seawater resources. Brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination is still subject to intensive energy consumption compared to the theoretical minimum energy demand. Here, we review some of the BWRO plants with various system arrangements. We look at how to minimize energy demands, as these contribute considerably to the cost of desalinated water. Different configurations of BWRO system have been compared from the view point of normalized specific energy consumption (SEC). Analysis is made at theoretical limits. The SEC reduction of BWRO can be achieved by (i) increasing number of stages, (ii) using an energy recovery device (ERD), or (iii) operating the BWRO in batch mode or closed circuit mode. Application of more stages not only reduces SEC but also improves water recovery. However, this improvement is less pronounced when the number of stages exceeds four. Alternatively and more favourably, the BWRO system can be operated in Closed Circuit Desalination (CCD) mode and gives a comparative SEC to that of the 3-stage system with a recovery ratio of 80%. A further reduction of about 30% in SEC can be achieved through batch-RO operation. Moreover, the costly ERDs and booster pumps are avoided with both CCD and batch-RO, thus furthering the effectiveness of lowering the costs of these innovative approaches.

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Closed circuit desalination series No 7: retrofit design for improved performance of conventional BWRO system

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

CCD Series No-10: small compact BWRO closed-circuit desalination (CCD) units of high-recovery, low-energy and reduced fouling for supplied water upgrade to industry, irrigation, domestic, and medical applications

CCD Series No-10: small compact BWRO closed-circuit desalination (CCD) units of high-recovery, low-energy and reduced fouling for supplied water upgrade to industry, irrigation, domestic, and medical applications

A New Process for High‐Recovery, Low‐Energy RO Treatment

Comparison of Configurations for High-Recovery Inland Desalination Systems

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