Closeness, trust, and perceived social support in child-robot relationship formation

Straten, Caroline L. van; Kühne, Rinaldo; Peter, Jochen; Jong, Chiara de; Barco, Àlex

doi:10.1075/is.18052.str

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…All measures were ordered such that influences of questions posed earlier would minimally influence those that came after. The one-factorial structure of the measures of closeness and trust was confirmed in a prior study, in which these measures also proved to be sufficiently reliable [66]. The specific questionnaire items of each scale can be consulted in Appendix C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…We chose the bar scale because it did not provide any indication as to the valence of the answer options (e.g., colors, smileys), as this could trigger socially desirable answers. In an earlier data collection (see References [19,66]), the answer scale was demonstrated to be properly understood by children.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The survey was conducted by a second trained, female research assistant. We opted for self-report rather than observational measures, because, first, they are considerably less timeconsuming; second, we investigate complex concepts that are difficult to adequately observe; and third, we have good experience with the use of such measures in prior CRI studies [19,66]. The interviewer briefly introduced herself to the child and explained the procedure of the survey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess closeness, we used a CRI scale developed and validated for use among children in a similar age range (for details, see [66]). The scale consists of five items, whose one-factorial structure was confirmed for the present sample and explained 54% of the variance.…”

Section: Closenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Transparency about a Robot's Lack of Human Psychological Capacities

Straten

Peter

Kühne

et al. 2020

J. Hum.-Robot Interact.

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The increasing sophistication of social robots has intensified calls for transparency about robots' machine nature. Initial research has suggested that providing children with information about robots' mechanical status does not alter children's humanlike perception of, and relationship formation with, social robots. Against this background, our study experimentally investigated the effects of transparency about a robot's lack of human psychological capacities (intelligence, self-consciousness, emotionality, identity construction, social cognition) on children's perceptions of a robot and their relationship to it. Our sample consisted of 144 children aged 8 to 9 years old who interacted with the Nao robot in either a transparent or a control condition. Transparency decreased children's humanlike perception of the robot in terms of animacy, anthropomorphism, social presence, and perceived similarity. Transparency reduced child-robot relationship formation in terms of decreased trust, while children's feelings of closeness toward the robot were not affected. CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in HCI; Laboratory experiments;

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Closenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transparency about a Robot's Lack of Human Psychological Capacities

Straten

Peter

Kühne

et al. 2020

J. Hum.-Robot Interact.

Self Cite

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“…These data were part of a larger data collection with the main aim to develop and validate a set of standardized self-report measures for CRI [19]. The data have already been used for other studies on (measures in) CRI [20]- [22].…”

Section: Study 1 -Exploration Of Children's Gratificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do Children Want from a Social Robot? Toward Gratifications Measures for Child-Robot Interaction

Jong

Kühne

Peter

et al. 2019

2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)

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Social robots have, in the case of children, rarely been studied from a uses-and-gratifications perspective. As social robots differ from more traditional media, the first aim of this study was to explore the gratifications that children seek and obtain from social robots. This was investigated in a study among 87 children. The second aim was to develop and initially validate measures for those gratifications. We studied this among a sample of 24 children. The measures for hedonic and social gratifications-obtained worked reasonably well. The measures for hedonic and informative gratifications-sought seemed problematic, whereas the others were acceptable. Our measures present a first step toward enabling future research on children's gratifications of social robots.

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The wizard and I: How transparent teleoperation and self-description (do not) affect children’s robot perceptions and child-robot relationship formation

et al. 2021

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It has been well documented that children perceive robots as social, mental, and moral others. Studies on child-robot interaction may encourage this perception of robots, first, by using a Wizard of Oz (i.e., teleoperation) set-up and, second, by having robots engage in self-description. However, much remains unknown about the effects of transparent teleoperation and self-description on children’s perception of, and relationship formation with a robot. To address this research gap initially, we conducted an experimental study with a 2 × 2 (teleoperation: overt/covert; self-description: yes/no) between-subject design in which 168 children aged 7–10 interacted with a Nao robot once. Transparency about the teleoperation procedure decreased children’s perceptions of the robot’s autonomy and anthropomorphism. Self-description reduced the degree to which children perceived the robot as being similar to themselves. Transparent teleoperation and self-description affected neither children’s perceptions of the robot’s animacy and social presence nor their closeness to and trust in the robot.

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Closeness, trust, and perceived social support in child-robot relationship formation

Cited by 40 publications

References 81 publications

Transparency about a Robot's Lack of Human Psychological Capacities

Transparency about a Robot's Lack of Human Psychological Capacities

What Do Children Want from a Social Robot? Toward Gratifications Measures for Child-Robot Interaction

The wizard and I: How transparent teleoperation and self-description (do not) affect children’s robot perceptions and child-robot relationship formation

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