Closterovirus in India: Distribution, Genomics and Genetic Diversity of Citrus Tristeza Virus

Biswas, Kajal; Palchoudhury, Supratik; Ghosh, Dilip K.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5672-7_8

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…CTV is now ubiquitous and is the most devastating pathogen of citrus (Harper et al 2013). Similar to other citrus-growing regions of the world, CTV is highly prevalent in sub-Himalayan regions of NE India, where it has severely affected and wiped out several orchards resulting in massive economic losses (Biswas et al 2016;Biswas et al 2017). Nevertheless, our understanding of CTV epidemiology in NE India is mostly restricted to accessible orchards in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Sikkim.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequences were then BLAST (BLASTn, Megablast) searched (Altschul et al 1990) to recognize and retrieve homologous sequences available in the GenBank non-redundant (nr) database. Additionally, well-characterized CTV sequences enlisted in the ICTV species list (Martelli et al 2012) and reviewed in recent literature (Harper 2013;Biswas et al 2017) were also retrieved from GenBank for further analyses.…”

Section: Molecular Evolutionary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CTV belongs to the genus Closterovirus, under family Closteroviridae, characterized by long flexuous rod-like virus particles (~2000 × 12 nm) composed of two types of coat protein (major and minor coat proteins), encapsulating a singlestranded, monopartite, linear, positive-sense genomic RNA of approximately 19.3 kilobases (Martelli et al 2012;Harper et al 2013;Biswas et al 2017). The CTV gRNA consists of at least 12 open reading frames flanked by untranslated regions (UTRs) at both the 5′ and 3′ ends (Harper et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In India, citrus is the 3rd economically important horticulture crop and is cultivated throughout the tropical and subtropical geographical zones, annually producing nearly 10 million tonnes of fruits (ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits 2016-17, 2017Biswas et al 2017). Among them, mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) particularly the Nagpur mandarin (Central India), Kinnow mandarin (Northwestern India), Coorg mandarin (Southern India), Darjeeling mandarin, Sikkim mandarin, or Khasi mandarin (Northeastern India, NE India), and the Arunachal Orange/ Wakro Orange/Arunachal Wakro Orange (NE India) are economically important cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CTV has killed an estimated one million citrus trees in India during the last century (Ahlawat 1997). The percentage of disease incidence varies widely (10-90%) throughout India (Ahlawat et al 1997;Biswas 2008Biswas , 2010Biswas et al 2017). Some NE Indian orchards in Assam and Meghalaya are reported to have even a 100% incidence of CTV infection (Biswas et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of ‘ancestral’ western lineage of Citrus tristeza virus virulent genotype in declining Arunachal Wakro orange

Datta

Das

Gopalakrishnan

et al. 2021

Trop. plant pathol.

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Eastern Himalayan foothills are known to have optimal agro-climatic conditions for the production of quality citrus fruits including oranges. Among the citrus-growing regions of eastern Himalayas, Wakro in the far eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh is known for its superior quality oranges, popular as the Wakro orange or the Arunachal orange, which has been included in the Geographical Indication Registry by the Government of India. However, during the last few years, Arunachal orange orchards have been severely affected by aphid infestation associated with rapid decline disease, causing catastrophe for the farmers as well as the state economy. Therefore, in 2015, an intensive survey of severely affected orange orchards was carried out to investigate the etiological factors of decline in citrus production. RNA samples extracted from leaf and aphid specimens collected from Wakro orchards were subjected to Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) detection through 3′-UTR specific RT-PCR. Subsequently, ORF1 and CP genetic regions were amplified and clonal-sequencing was performed. Although BLAST search showed close homology of the present sequences with other virulent genotype VT sequences, the detailed phylogenetic analysis demonstrated affinity and clustering of present sequences with VT sequences belonging to the 'western' lineage. This finding is considerably distinct from CTV sequences reported from citrus-growing orchards in India and other neighboring countries. Additionally, low diversity of CP gene sequences, recombination patterns, and presence of sequence segments identical to the present ones in other CTV genotypes was also revealed. Our findings suggest that the ancestral nature of present CTV sequences, corroborate well with the proposed origin of CTV in this part of the globe. We here report our finding of the western lineage of CTV virulent genotype VT, which is distinct from CTV molecular epidemiology in other parts of India, and discuss the implications of these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Evolutionary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Detection of ‘ancestral’ western lineage of Citrus tristeza virus virulent genotype in declining Arunachal Wakro orange

Datta

Das

Gopalakrishnan

et al. 2021

Trop. plant pathol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Detection of ‘relict’ western lineage of citrus tristeza virus virulent genotype in decliningArunachal Wakro orange

Datta

Das

Budhauliya

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Eastern Himalayan foothills are known to have optimal agro-climatic conditions for the production of quality citrus fruits including oranges. Among the citrus growing regions of eastern Himalayas, Wakro in the far eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh is known for its superior quality oranges, popular as the Wakro orange or the Arunachal orange, which has been included in Geographical Indication Registry by Government of India. However, during last few years, Arunachal orange orchards have been experiencing severe infestation of aphid associated with rapid decline disease, causing catastrophe to the farmers as well as state economy. Therefore, in 2015, an intensive survey of severely affected orange orchards was carried out to investigate the aetiological factors of citrus decline. RNA samples extracted from leaf and aphid specimens collected from Wakro orchards were subjected to CTV detection through 3'-UTR specific RT-PCR. Subsequently, ORF1 and CP genetic regions were amplified and clonal-sequencing was performed. Although BLAST search showed close homology of the present sequences with other virulent genotype VT sequences, detailed phylogenetic analysis demonstrated affinity and clustering of present sequences with VT sequences belonging to the 'western' lineage. This finding is considerably distinct from CTV sequences reported from citrus growing orchards in India and other neighbouring countries. Additionally, low diversity of CP gene sequences, recombination patterns and presence of sequence segments identical to the present ones in other CTV genotypes was also revealed. Collectively, these observations indicate pristine and primeval nature of present CTV sequences, corroborating well with the proposed origin of CTV in this part of the globe. We here report our finding of western lineage of CTV virulent genotype VT, which is distinct from CTV molecular epidemiology in other parts of India and discuss the implications of these findings.

show abstract

Closterovirus in India: Distribution, Genomics and Genetic Diversity of Citrus Tristeza Virus

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Detection of ‘ancestral’ western lineage of Citrus tristeza virus virulent genotype in declining Arunachal Wakro orange

Detection of ‘ancestral’ western lineage of Citrus tristeza virus virulent genotype in declining Arunachal Wakro orange

Detection of ‘relict’ western lineage of citrus tristeza virus virulent genotype in decliningArunachal Wakro orange

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