Clothing systems for outdoor activities

Female bike riders’ clothing needs with the incorporation of wearable technology: Design and evaluation of wearers’ perception of smart clothing within the cradle-to-cradle design framework

“…The thermal environment is influenced by multiple factors such as physical, emotional, and affective, previous experiences and expectations and weather and environmental conditions (LeBlanc, Ducharme, Pasto, & Thompson, 2003;New York State Climate Action Council, 2010). When considering thermal comfort, a designer must consider the human physiology that is intended to maintain the homeostasis of body temperature at 98.6°F (Morrissey & Rossi, 2013). A human body diversely operates heat transfer and moisture evaporation to maintain a stable temperature.…”

“…A human body diversely operates heat transfer and moisture evaporation to maintain a stable temperature. Heat transfer is a balancing process that exchanges heat between the body, clothing system (including textile materials), and the environment (Celcar, Meinander & Geršak, 2008;Song et al, 2011); moisture evaporation is a body temperature cooling system that occurs through evaporation of sweat, and it is the only human mechanism to dissipate heat when the environmental temperature exceeds 95°F (Morrissey & Rossi, 2013;Song et Al., 2011;Weiss, & Jacobs, 2012).…”

“…Studies that have considered the effects of air passage applicable to smart clothing design for female bike riders suggest the inclusion of ventilation features such as front/back openings, neck openings, hem openings, vents, apertures, and the use of zips and mesh fabrics. For clothing, the front/back, chest, arm, hem, and wrist areas are important for ventilation, and the level of local ventilation is the highest in the chest area, followed by back and arm areas (Morrissey & Rossi, 2013;Wang, Annaheim, Morrissey, & Rossi, 2014). The neck area must be exposed and expanded to serve as a vent and induce the chimney effect (Gonzalez & Cena, 1985).…”

Sportswear for snow sports

“…During this period, rapid cooling can occur especially at the skin. Water and moisture vapour both lead to a reduction in thermal insulation due to water having a higher thermal conduction Figure 11.7 The effect of the relationship between airflow and body movement (walking speed) on thermal insulation (Morrissey and Rossi, 2013). Furthermore, it has been shown that for mountain runners exposure to 0°C at an altitude above 2000 m has led to fatigue related fatalities.…”

Estimating the Effect of Torso Clothing Insulation on Body Skin and Clothing Temperatures in a Cold Environment Using Infrared Thermography

“…abilities and performance. Even during limited exposure to subzero temperatures, cold related problems like thermal discomfort, pain sensation in the extremities, low efficiency and hampered finer finger movements may appear [11,12]. It was proposed in [13] that the hand temperature be used for prediction of the thermal comfort of people indoors.…”