Cloud point extraction of microalgae cultures

Cell disruption for microalgae biorefineries

“…There are several studies on cell disruption of microalgae with these agents (Pavlić et al, 2005;Hung and Liu, 2006;Miao and Tao, 2009;Cheng et al, 2010;Ebenezer et al, 2012;Ulloa et al, 2012;Glembin et al, 2013;Huang and Kim, 2013), however, the product quality is highly affected by either oxidation (Saby et al, 1997;Phe et al, 2005;Virto et al, 2005) or disruption agent contamination. Some emerging technologies related to these chemicals, such as pressure-assisted ozonation (PAO) or advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and peroxone treatment, exist (Nguyen et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2014), however, they are not discussed in detail in this review because they are not considered as mild for use in the future biorefinery because of their effect on product quality.…”

Microalgal growth and fatty acid productivity on recovered nutrients from hydrothermal gasification of Acutodesmus obliquus

“…Recent research greatly broadens the scope for algae mass cultivation applications in the future. One potential chain of events could be as follows: cultivation of algae until a desired concentration is reached, in situ extraction of extracellular compounds by micellar extraction [36], further processing of algae and extraction of commercial interesting products and eventually conversion of the remaining algae biomass into biodiesel [37] or as described in this study into biogas. By refeeding the recovered nutrients from the microalgal biomass to the cultivation process the concept fulfills the economic principle of "cradle to cradle" by closing the mass cycle of nutrient.…”

Perstraction of Intracellular Pigments through Submerged Fermentation of Talaromyces spp. in a Surfactant Rich Media: A Novel Approach for Enhanced Pigment Recovery

“…Extracellular pigment was separated into a two-phase cloud point system: a surfactant-rich phase and a dilute phase [ 18 ]. Pigments-surfactant solution was heated until the formation of these two phases (70 °C) and until reaching the equilibrium (30 min).…”

“…To overcome this issue researchers have been applying an extractive fermentation process, “perstraction”, where the intracellular products are transported out of the cell by using a two-phase system during the fermentation, where the fermentation media represents one of the phases and the other should be an extractive solution. This process has been used in microalgae cultures [ 17 , 18 ] and is also known as “milking”. Ziolkowska and Simon, (2014) [ 17 ] reported that “milking algae” is a new successful technology that allows for the reduction of process costs by the extraction of intracellular products, increasing yields and reduction of unit operations.…”

“…The addition of non-ionic surfactant to an aqueous solution forms micelles and when this solution is above the surfactant cloud point, the micelle aqueous solution separates into two phases, a surfactant rich phase (coacervate phase) and a dilute phase [ 23 ]. The application of the cloud point system has been reviewed as an advantageous pre-concentration step prior to purification in many bioprocesses, such as extraction of fatty acids from microalgae cultures [ 18 ]; extractive fermentation of proteins produced by bacteria [ 24 ]; production of l -phenylacetylcarbinol by Sacharomyces cerevisiae [ 25 ] and in exporting intracellular pigments produced by Monascus into its fermentation broth [ 20 , 22 , 26 ].…”