Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in the United States: NLDN Results in the First Decade, 1989–98

The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 2: Observations

“…Overall, about 15 % of the observed flashes are positive, with an observed increase of positive flashes during the winter months. This pronounced increase could be related to a decrease in height of winter thunderstorms, lowering the upper positive charge of the cloud (Pinto et al, 1999), and it is similar to the reports based on NLDN data (Orville and Huffines, 1999;Orville, 2001) in the US. Figure 3a plots the 9-year mean annual ground flash density derived from roughly 37 million CG flashes.…”

A decade of cloud‐to‐ground lightning in Canada: 1999–2008. Part 2: Polarity, multiplicity and first‐stroke peak current

“…However, because of the small sample size gathered during the decade (< 10 flashes), meaningful analyses could not be carried out. this annual variation has been reported elsewhere in the world including Japan (Brook et al, 1982), the united States (Orville and Huffines, 2001), Austria (Schulz et al, 2005), Spain (Rivas Soriano et al, 2005) and Sweden (Sonnadara et al, 2006). An increase in positive flashes has previously been reported in low-level, winter thunderstorms (takeuti et al, 1978).…”

“…Figure 12 shows a general increase in the median negative flash peak current with increasing multiplicity in all regions. Previous studies in the united States (Orville and Huffines, 2001) and Austria (Schulz et al, 2005) first-stroke negative peak current and multiplicity. the high negative peak currents in the northern region reflect the sensor bias toward the stronger flashes.…”

Thunderstorm and Lightning Climatology of Australia

“…Kuleshov et al (2011) compared long-term lightning statistical data obtained by LLSs in Austria (10 years) (Schulz et al, 2005), Brazil (6 years) (Pinto et al, 2006), Italy (7 years) (Bernardi et al, 2002), Spain (10 years) (Soriano et al, 2005), and the USA (5 and 10 years) (Zajac and Rutledge, 2000;Orville and Huffines, 2001). This comparison is presented in Table 5.…”