Clovers (Trifolium L.)

Lamont, Emma-Jane; Zoghlami, Aziza; Hamilton, Ruaraidh Sackville; Bennett, Sarita Jane

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9823-1_4

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Within Europe, Lamont et al (2001) also highlighted a number of other clovers as important for in situ conservation: T. fragiferum (strawberry clover), T. cherleri, T. hirtum and T. subterraneum. Within Europe, Lamont et al (2001) also highlighted a number of other clovers as important for in situ conservation: T. fragiferum (strawberry clover), T. cherleri, T. hirtum and T. subterraneum.…”

Section: Use Of Genetic Resources In Breeding New Varieties Of White mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in situ conservation of T. occidentale, T. pallescens, T. ambiguum and T. nigrescens are priorities. Within Europe, Lamont et al (2001) also highlighted a number of other clovers as important for in situ conservation: T. fragiferum (strawberry clover), T. cherleri, T. hirtum and T. subterraneum.…”

Section: Use Of Genetic Resources In Breeding New Varieties Of White mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic resources in Trifolium and their utilization in plant breeding

Abberton

Thomas

2010

Plant Genet. Resour.

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Abberton, M. T., Thomas, I. (2011). Genetic resources in Trifolium and their utilization in plant breeding. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 9, (1), 38-44. RONO: 03131Clovers (Trifolium species) are a large and widespread genus of legumes. Recent work supports the Mediterranean origin of the genus in the Early Miocene period, and centres of diversity for clovers occur in the Eastern Mediterranean, East Africa and South America. A number of clovers are of agricultural importance as forage species in grassland agriculture around the world, particularly in temperate areas. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the most important legume of grazed pastures, and red clover (T. pratense) is widely cut and conserved as a winter feed. We consider the current state of collected resources in clovers, which have been collated in the most important databases. These are European Internet Search Catalogue (EURISCO), germplasm resources information network and system-wide information network for genetic resources together with the collection held at AgResearch, New Zealand. In total, collections have been made of 204 species with 48 species having more than 100 accessions in these databases. As expected, the majority of accessions are of the agriculturally important species. The geographical origin of collected material is outlined and, for the major species, accessions are broken down according to their status, e.g. wild population, breeders' lines. We then describe some of the ways in which genetic resources of white and red clovers and their relatives have been used in the breeding of these species. These include introgression of stress tolerance traits, targetting improvements in resource use efficiency and increasing seed yield.Peer reviewe

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Section: Use Of Genetic Resources In Breeding New Varieties Of White mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Genetic Resources In Breeding New Varieties Of White mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic resources in Trifolium and their utilization in plant breeding

Abberton

Thomas

2010

Plant Genet. Resour.

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“…Trifolium species are among the most vital and valuable forage legumes globally [1]; they belong to the world's third-largest plant family, called Fabaceae (Leguminosae) [2]. Trifolium contains more than 250 species and plays a significant role as nitrogen fixers, enhancing pasture quality in natural and cultivated grasslands [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Genetic and Physiological Characteristics of Clover Rhizobia in Afghanistan Soils

Habibi,

Yasuda,

Aryan

et al. 2024

Applied Microbiology

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Livestock production in Afghanistan highly relies on grazing and clover feed, which is a key component of pastures and forage crops. This study elucidated the genetic diversity of clover-nodulating rhizobia in different ecological regions and their effects on clover growth. A total of 57 rhizobia were isolated and their genetic diversities were studied through 16S rRNA and nifD genes. The isolates were inoculated to clover (Afghan local variety), to investigate the potential of nitrogen fixation and influences of clover growth. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed two distinct groups of Rhizobium (94.7%) and Ensifer (5.3%) species. The nifD phylogenetic relationship revealed a high similarity to Rhizobium and a novel lineage group close to Rhizobium leguminosarum species. In the plant test, different genotypes significantly (p < 0.01) exhibited an increase in plant biomass production, compared to the un-inoculated plants. Among genotypes, the highest plant biomass was recorded in PC8 (1769.0 mg/plant) and PC9 (1409.2 mg/plant) isolates as compared to un-inoculated plants (144.0 mg/plant). Moreover, these isolates showed maximum nitrogen fixation rates of 8.2 and 6.5 µM/plant, respectively. These isolates were identified as the most promising rhizobial strains for developing biofertilizers in the context of Afghanistan.

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“…Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is the microsymbiont of Trifolium (clover) species (26), which are valuable agricultural forage legumes (27). For the cloverrhizobium symbiosis, there are two barriers to effective nodulation for different hoststrain combinations: (i) a geographical barrier (relating to the broad centers of clover diversity) and (ii) a phenological barrier (relating to growth cycle) between annual and perennial species (28).…”

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Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii NodD2 Enhances Competitive Nodule Colonization in the Clover-Rhizobium Symbiosis

Ferguson

Major

Sullivan

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Establishment of the symbiotic relationship that develops between rhizobia and their legume hosts is contingent upon an interkingdom signal exchange. In response to host legume flavonoids, NodD proteins from compatible rhizobia activate expression of nodulation (nod) genes that produce lipochitin oligosaccharide signalling molecules known as Nod factors. Root nodule formation commences upon legume recognition of compatible Nod factor. Rhizobium leguminosarum was previously considered to contain one copy of nodD; here we show that some strains of the Trifolium (clover) microsymbiont R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii (Rlt) contain a second copy designated nodD2. nodD2 genes were present in eight out of 13 strains of Rlt interrogated but were absent from the genomes of 16 R. leguminosarum bv. viciae strains. Analysis of single and double nodD1 and nodD2 mutants in Rlt strain TA1 revealed that NodD2 was functional and enhanced nodule colonisation competitiveness. However, NodD1 showed significantly greater capacity to induce nod gene expression and infection thread (IT) formation. Clover species are either annual or perennial and this phenological distinction is rarely crossed by individual Rlt microsymbionts for effective symbiosis. Of 13 strains with genome sequences available, seven of the eight effective microsymbionts of perennial hosts contained nodD2 whereas the three microsymbionts of annual hosts did not. We hypothesise that NodD2 inducer recognition differs from NodD1, and NodD2 functions to enhance competition and effective symbiosis, which may discriminate in favour of perennial hosts. IMPORTANCE Establishment of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis requires a highly specific and complex signal exchange between both participants. Rhizobia perceive legume flavonoid compounds through LysR-type NodD regulators. Often, rhizobia encode multiple copies of nodD, which is one determinant of host specificity. In some species of rhizobia, the presence of multiple copies of NodD extends their symbiotic host-range. Here we identified and characterised a second copy of nodD present in some strains of the clover microsymbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. The second nodD gene contributed to the competitive ability of the strain on white clover, an important forage legume. A screen for strains containing nodD2 could be utilised as one criterion to select strains with enhanced competitive ability for use as inoculants for pasture production.

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Clovers (Trifolium L.)

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Genetic resources in Trifolium and their utilization in plant breeding

Genetic resources in Trifolium and their utilization in plant breeding

Insights into Genetic and Physiological Characteristics of Clover Rhizobia in Afghanistan Soils

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii NodD2 Enhances Competitive Nodule Colonization in the Clover-Rhizobium Symbiosis

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