Clubroot of cruciferous crops – new perspectives on an old disease†

Howard, R. J.; Strelkov, Stephen E.; Harding, Michael W.

doi:10.1080/07060661003621761

Cited by 141 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In Finnland wiesen stark befallene Flächen pH-Werte unter 6,7 auf (Rastas et al 2012), in Schweden war die Befallsintensität unabhängig vom pH-Wert (Wallenhammar 1996) und in Kanada waren die Befallsindizes von Befallsflächen negativ mit dem Boden-pH-Wert korreliert (Strelkov et al 2007). Howard et al (2010) erwähnen, dass pH-Werte über 7 optimal für die Bekämpfung von P. brassicae sind. In unserer Studie und auch in der Studie von Strelkov et al (2007) wiesen Flächen mit pH Werten über 7 dennoch hohe Befallsintensitäten auf.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass bereits bei geringen Sporenkonzentrationen von 10 3 Sporen pro g Boden Rapsertragsverluste von 30 % entstehen können (Strehlow und Struck 2013). P. brassicae ist ein typischer Fruchtfolgeerreger, d. h. durch den wiederholten Anbau von Wirtspflanzen kommt es zu einer Anreicherung im Boden (Howard et al 2010;Peng et al 2014), und infizierte Flächen weisen häufig Sporenkonzentrationen von über 10 6 Sporen pro g Boden auf (Tsushima et al 2010;Wallenhammar et al 2012;Hwang et al 2011b).…”

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Standorteigenschaften und Anbaumanagement erklären regionale Unterschiede im Kohlherniebefall in Deutschland

2014

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Befallsintensitäten aufwiesen. In unserer Untersuchung beeinflussten die Bodenart, der Sandgehalt sowie der BodenpH-Wert das Vorkommen von P. brassicae. Bodenarten mit Sandgehalten von 30 bis 35 % und niedrigen BodenpH-Werten von unter 5,6 korrelierten auf den untersuchten Praxisschlägen mit hohen Befallsintensitäten. Schlüsselwörter Regionales Auftreten · Einflussfaktoren · Brassica napus · WinterrapsAbstract In the years 2013 and 2014 the presence and the infestation level of Plasmodiophora brassicae in six federal states of Germany were assessed using a bioassay method. Soils were sampled from 237 oilseed rape fields and the farmers provided information about the soil type, the soil pH values and the last year of oilseed rape cultivation. Clubroot was detected in 66 % of the fields investigated with a mean disease severity (BI) of 0.34. Between and within the federal states differences in presence and infestation level of P. brassicae were detected. In Schleswig-Holstein significantly more fields were infected by P. brassicae (90 %) and BI was relatively high (0.49) compared to Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and North Rhine-Westphalia with 50 % infected fields and a mean BI of 0.27. Highly infested fields (BI > 0.8) were prevalent on 15 and 25 % of fields investigated in every federal state. Within the federal states the soil climate regions (BKR) differed significantly from each other. In BKR with light and sandy soils P. brassicae was less widespread compared to neighboring BKR with loamy soils. In addition, BKR with high infestation levels on fields invesZusammenfassung Um die Verbreitung und die Befallsintensität von Plasmodiophora brassicae in Deutschland zu erfassen, wurden in den Jahren 2013 und 2014 Bodenproben von insgesamt 237 Rapsflächen in sechs Bundesländern mit Hilfe eines Biotests untersucht. Durch Befragung der Landwirte wurden der Boden-pH-Wert, die Bodenart und das letzte Rapsanbaujahr der Untersuchungsstandorteerhoben. Insgesamt waren 66 % der untersuchten Flächen mit Kohlhernie befallen, und der mittlere Befallsindex lag bei 0,34. Signifikante Unterschiede im Pathogenauftreten und in der Befallsintensität traten sowohl zwischen als auch innerhalb der untersuchten Bundesländer auf. In Schleswig-Holstein waren 90 % der untersuchten Flächen mit Kohlhernie befallen und der mittlere Befallsindex lag bei 0,49. In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen waren ca. 50 % der beprobten Flächen mit Kohlhernie befallen und hatten einen mittleren Befallsindex von 0,27. Der Anteil der Flächen mit einem sehr hohen Befallsindex von über 0,8 lag in allen untersuchten Bundesländern zwischen 15 und 25 %. Innerhalb der Bundesländer unterschieden sich die Bodenklimaräume (BKR) signifikant im Pathogenauftreten und der Befallsintensität: Die untersuchten Flächen der BKR, in denen leichte Sandböden dominieren, wie z. B. das Landesinnere von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und die Geestböden in Schleswig-Holstein, wiesen mehr befallsfreie Fläche auf als die besseren diluvialen Böden in angr...

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Section: Diskussionunclassified

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Standorteigenschaften und Anbaumanagement erklären regionale Unterschiede im Kohlherniebefall in Deutschland

2014

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“…Metam sodium is changed by contact with the soil to methyl isothiocyanate in gas form that diffuses through the soil and has both fungicidal and nematicidal effects. The fumigation is performed mainly at the entry into a field or in newly infested areas to stop the spreading of the spores (Howard et al 2010;Hwang et al 2014). The Vapam application in a dose of 0.4-1.6 ml/l lowered 12-16 times the primary and secondary infection and club formation on oilseed rape plants .…”

Section: Chemical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some disinfectants were tested and the best results were obtained with sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid or potassium peroxymonosulphate. Cleaning by high temperature was also tested, but it proved to be ineffective, because spores were still viable even after 3 h at temperatures above 100°C (Howard et al 2010).…”

Section: Management Sanitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equipment like ploughs or seeders can carry 10 kg of infested soil. Therefore machinery cleaning is an important preventive measure together with the cleaning of tools and vehicles or control of plant material, seed, and water transport (Howard et al 2010;Hwang et al 2014). The methodology for cleaning and sanitation was developed by Howard et al (2010).…”

Section: Management Sanitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.: a review of emerging serious disease of oilseed rape in the Czech Republic

Řičařová¹,

Kazda²,

Singh³

et al. 2016

Plant Prot. Sci.

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AbstractŘičařová V., Kazda J., Singh K., Ryšánek P. (2016): Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.: a review of emerging serious disease of oilseed rape in the Czech Republic. Plant Protect. Sci., 52: 71-86.Winter oilseed rape is the second most frequently grown crop in the Czech Republic. Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae (Wor.), was previously a problem in production of vegetable. The disease has been spreading on winter rape (Brassica napus L.) over the past four years. Infected stands were reported throughout the country in autumn 2011. The pathogen is probably widely spread in the whole country, its incidence depends on suitable weather conditions. Every field with clubroot is considered as contaminated for many years. The amounts of inoculum and its distribution are not sufficient yet, but this is just the initial stage of colonisation. There is a similar situation resembling experiences from other countries (Canada, Germany) where clubroot has gradually expanded in the last 15 years.

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Identification of a genomic region containing genes involved in resistance to four pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica rapa turnip ECD02

Rahaman

Strelkov

et al. 2022

The Plant Genome

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Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an important disease of brassica crops worldwide. Vegetable turnip (Brassica rapa L.) have proven to be a source of clubroot resistance genes effective against many pathotypes of P. brassicae. The F 1 progeny from the cross B. rapa canola ACDC (susceptible, S) × B. rapa turnip ECD02 (resistant, R) were backcrossed with ACDC, then self-pollinated to produce BC 1 S 1 lines. All the F 1 plants were resistant to four pathotypes (3A, 3D, 3H, and 5X) of P. brassicae. Segregation for R and S in BC 1 to each pathotype was 1:1 and resistance reactions were highly correlated. From whole genome sequencing, 192.1 M sequences with 96% template coverage from ECD02, and 478.9 M sequences with 92% coverage from ACDC, were aligned with the reference genome of B. rapa.Genotyping-by-sequencing was performed on the BC 1 population. The number of aligned short reads per plant in the BC 1 ranged from 1.4 to 8.5 M sequences with 4-8% template coverage. We obtained 1,344 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci with a mean missing rate at 0.27% and distributed them on 10 chromosomes. A single co-localized quantitative trait loci (QTL), designated as Rcr9 ECD02 on chromosome A08, conferred resistance to the four pathotypes. The QTL explained 68.9-74.4% of phenotypic variation with the logarithm of the odds values of 24.3 to 31.1. Bulked segregant analysis was performed, and 14 SNP markers linked to the gene were developed using the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR.Rcr9 ECD02 was mapped into an interval of 2.2 cM, flanked by CF_A08_10664692 and CF_A08_12230973, which spanned 1.51 Mb on the chromosome and

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Clubroot of cruciferous crops – new perspectives on an old disease†

Cited by 141 publications

References 44 publications

Standorteigenschaften und Anbaumanagement erklären regionale Unterschiede im Kohlherniebefall in Deutschland

Standorteigenschaften und Anbaumanagement erklären regionale Unterschiede im Kohlherniebefall in Deutschland

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.: a review of emerging serious disease of oilseed rape in the Czech Republic

Identification of a genomic region containing genes involved in resistance to four pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica rapa turnip ECD02

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