“…Namely, we perform a reduction from NAE3SAT [9], which takes in input a collection of clauses, each consisting of three literals, and asks whether a truth assignment to the variables exists such that each clause has at least one true literal and at least one false literal. Given a clustered graph C(G, T ) and a vertex v of G with four incident edges e 1 , e 2 , e 3 , and e 4 , we introduce a gadget that forces such edges to appear in this circular order around v in any c-planar drawing of any clustered graph obtained from C with less than σ splits. We construct around v a pinwheel gadget of size σ by inserting, in each edge e i , 2σ vertices v i,j , with j = 1, .…”