Clutter depth discrimination using the wavenumber spectrum

Reeder, D. Benjamin

doi:10.1121/1.4828979

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, that method can be used only for cooperating sources, because it requires (i) the frequency of the original signal to be known a priori and (ii) a constant source speed. Based on the structure of the wavenumber spectrum, Reeder proposed an efficient approach for clutter-depth discrimination [12], which is used mainly for active sonar. Simulations showed that this technique could discriminate between a clutter source in the water column and one on the seabed.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Depth discrimination is a key procedure in acoustic detection or target classification for low-frequency underwater sources. Conventional depth-discrimination methods use a vertical line array, which has disadvantage of poor mobility due to the size of the sensor array. In this paper, we propose a depth-discrimination method for low-frequency sources using a horizontal line array (HLA) of acoustic vector sensors based on mode extraction. First, we establish linear equations related to the modal amplitudes based on modal beamforming in the vector mode space. Second, we solve the linear equations by introducing the total least square algorithm and estimate modal amplitudes. Third, we select the power percentage of the low-order modes as the decision metric and construct testing hypotheses based on the modal amplitude estimation. Compared with a scalar sensor, a vector sensor improves the depth discrimination, because the mode weights are more appropriate for doing so. The presented linear equations and the solution algorithm allow the method to maintain good performance even using a relatively short HLA. The constructed testing hypotheses are highly robust against mismatched environments. Note that the method is not appropriate for the winter typical sound speed waveguide, because the characteristics of the modes differ from those in downward-refracting sound speed waveguide. Robustness analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…The sinusoidal modulation exhibits periods of π, which yields the following:

z_{s} = \frac{c}{2 normalΔ f \sin φ},

where Δ f is the width of the modulation between nulls. The interference pattern can be transformed into source depth information by the Fourier transform scheme [18,19]. The process involves the following steps: (a) obtaining of the time series y ( t ) by CBF, (b) Fourier transforming y ( t ) to frequency domain g ( f ), and (c) Fourier transforming g ( f ) to the depth and range domain:

bold-italicnormal x (t) \underset{CBF}{\to} y (t) \underset{f f t}{\to} g (f) \underset{f f t}{\to} h (z_{s}, r)

…”

Section: Theory and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Estimation of Source Range and Depth Using a Bottom-Deployed Vertical Line Array in Deep Water

Yang

Duan

et al. 2017

Sensors

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This paper presents a joint estimation method of source range and depth using a bottom-deployed vertical line array (VLA). The method utilizes the information on the arrival angle of direct (D) path in space domain and the interference characteristic of D and surface-reflected (SR) paths in frequency domain. The former is related to a ray tracing technique to backpropagate the rays and produces an ambiguity surface of source range. The latter utilizes Lloyd’s mirror principle to obtain an ambiguity surface of source depth. The acoustic transmission duct is the well-known reliable acoustic path (RAP). The ambiguity surface of the combined estimation is a dimensionless ad hoc function. Numerical efficiency and experimental verification show that the proposed method is a good candidate for initial coarse estimation of source position.

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“…Their team estimated the target depth by analyzing the number of fringes [18] and made improvements to handle the situation of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and weak source depth fluctuations [19]. Some scholars mapped the sound field to other domains based on the interference structure of the sound field to achieve effective separation of source depth [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Deep-Sea Broadband Sound Source Depth Estimation Method Based on the Interference Structure of the Compensated Beam Output

Liang,

Chen,

Meng

et al. 2023

JMSE

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This paper proposes an underwater broadband target depth estimation method based on the multipath arrival structure in medium and short-range deep-sea environments. The proposed approach involves separating the multipath rays arriving at the vertical line array using the matched filtering technique. The combined beamforming is then applied to the vector hydrophone vertical array (VHVA) to obtain more accurate elevation angle estimates. The components of the interference sound field at different distances are judged, and the signal received by the array is compensated using suitable estimated angles. Finally, the multipath time delay difference is extracted from the pulse peaks of the compensated signal, and the target depth is estimated by establishing the relationship among the multipath time delay difference, the elevation angle and depth. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in reducing the depth estimation bias and avoiding the misjudgment of surface or submerged targets.

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Clutter depth discrimination using the wavenumber spectrum

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction

Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction

Joint Estimation of Source Range and Depth Using a Bottom-Deployed Vertical Line Array in Deep Water

A Deep-Sea Broadband Sound Source Depth Estimation Method Based on the Interference Structure of the Compensated Beam Output

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