Thermal barrier coatings serve as a key heat-insulating technology for the hot components of aircraft engines, enhancing the engine’s operating temperature, thrust, and efficiency.However, the high-temperature operating environment poses significant challenges to the TBCs, particularly from the corrosion caused by environmental deposits, primarily composed of CaO, MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2, referred to as CMAS, which can lead to premature failure of the TBCs. CMAS corrosion has become a major obstacle, limiting the operating temperature and service life of TBCs. Constructing simulation environments that replicate TBCs’ working conditions and exploring online, non-destructive detection techniques are reliable approaches to studying coatings’ failure, representing both a global research hotspot and a challenge in this field. The paper presents an initial endeavor to establish a simulation experiment for TBCs in aviation-engine within a CMAS environment. Experimental results show that electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ), one of the mainstream TBCs technologies, produced 20% surface spallation after 50 thermal-shock cycles under simulated CMAS corrosion conditions. Testing and analysis of the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the failed samples, combined with SEM, EDS, and XRD findings, revealed significant physical and chemical interactions between the ceramic layer and CMAS deposits, as well as phase transformation within the coatings, leading to substantial alterations in mechanical properties and ultimately causing the failure of EB-PVD YSZ.