CMOS optoelectronic components for clock distribution

Polarization division multiplexing for optical data communications

“…Recently, Thangaraj et al described the design and successful integration of high speed photodiodes on CMOS ICs for a fully operational CMOS-compatible optical digital clock distribution and electrical recovery system in a 0.35 nm CMOS process [1,36,49,62]. This work demonstrates the viability of inexpensive optical-electrical signal transformations at GHz speeds in CMOS technology.…”

“…Fast switching photodiodes have been used for optical high speed digital clocking in various silicon chips. [1,36,49] The photodiode model was designed using…”