CMOS Photonics for High Performance Interconnects

Orcutt, Jason S.; Ram, Rajeev J.; Stojanović, Vladimir

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396958-3.00012-3

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Therefore, if the reduction in required laser power is equal to or greater than 65 mW, the stacked voltage-mode CMOS TX design will offer a more efficient system solution in terms of power performance. The change in relative laser power consumption for an uncooled transceiver is estimated by assuming a ∼10% wall plug efficiency at a maximum operating temperature of ∼85 • C [54]. Therefore, a change in laser electrical power consumption of 65 mW equates to ∼6.5 mW optical output power.…”

Section: Tx Power Consumption Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of a High Extinction Ratio Monolithic CMOS Integrated Nanophotonic Transmitter and 16 Gb/s Optical Link

Gill

Proesel

Xiong

et al. 2015

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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We present a 16-Gb/s transmitter composed of a stacked voltage-mode CMOS driver and periodic-loaded reverse biased pn junction Mach-Zehnder modulator. The transmitter shows 9-dB extinction ratio and 10.3-pJ/bit power consumption and operates with 1.3 μm light. Penalties as low as 0.5 dB were seen as compared to a 25-Gb/s LiNbO 3 transmitter with both a monolithic metal-semiconductor-metal receiver and a reference receiver at 16-Gb/s operation. We also present an analytic expression for relative transmitter penalty (RTP), which allows one to quickly assess the system impact of design parameters such as peak-to-peak modulator drive voltage, modulator figure of merit, and transmitter extinction ratio to determine the circumstances under which a stacked CMOS cascode driver is desirable.

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Section: Tx Power Consumption Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of a High Extinction Ratio Monolithic CMOS Integrated Nanophotonic Transmitter and 16 Gb/s Optical Link

Gill

Proesel

Xiong

et al. 2015

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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“…Different methods for bit alignment have been reported in the literature and typically involve obtaining the error signal from the strength of a nonlinear mixing component, which will be maximized when the bits are aligned [10]. Ideally this can be extracted from the same mixing used in the grooming process by means of a tunable filter as indicated by the phase detector block [13]. The signals then propagate through PPLN-1 which is used to generate a copy of the signal amplitude and phase using second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation [4].…”

Section: Grooming Technologies and Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, bulk optical components and temperature control for nonlinear methods are competitive against the power required for today's transceivers. Furthermore, emerging photonic integrated device techniques for nonlinear optics can greatly reduce the power requirements and potentially provide even greater benefit [13]. Our motivation for this paper is to evaluate the energy use of these optical grooming techniques for optical signals with different baud rates and modulation complexity (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency of optical grooming of QAM optical transmission channels

Bhopalwala¹,

Rastegarfar²,

Kilper³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Analysis of the energy use for optical grooming of quadrature amplitude modulated signals in optical transmission systems is used to determine the potential efficiency benefits. An energy model is developed for both optical and electronic grooming and used to study the relative efficiency for three different network scenarios. The energy efficiency is evaluated considering both coherent and direct detection transceivers including power management strategies. Results indicate efficiency improvements up to an order of magnitude may be possible for 100 GBaud rates and 25-30 GBaud is a critical point at which optical grooming becomes the more efficient approach. These results are further shown to apply for the case of projected efficiency improvements in the underlying device technologies.

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“…Photodetectors can be easily fabricated with enough low capacitance [49]. However, they are usually integrated with a transistor for providing enough output signal amplitude, increasing the total capacitance of the receiver [50]. In summary, optics has significant benefits for on-chip interconnects.…”

Section: Optical Interconnectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, optics has significant benefits for on-chip interconnects. An interesting approach is when employing WDM, as it opens the door to novel architectures for on-chip networks [50]. Then, more information density would be possible and the on-chip network could be easily scalable by performing simple wavelength add/drop operations.…”

Section: Optical Interconnectsmentioning

confidence: 99%