CMOS pixel architectures

Stefanov, Konstantin D

doi:10.1088/978-0-7503-3235-4ch2

Cited by 2 publications

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“…In the coming years, the advancements in camera sensor technology are expected to bring significant improvements to all LSI methods, particularly those that attempt to furnish quantitative microvascular flow parameters. Specifically, the relatively low quantum efficiency of current silicon-based sensors such as sCMOS in the near-infrared spectral region is expected to be improved [130]. LSI has the potential to gather improved subsurface microvascular information due to the greater depth of penetration of these wavelengths compared to the visible range.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in laser speckle imaging: From qualitative to quantitative hemodynamic assessment

Qureshi,

Allam,

et al. 2023

Journal of Biophotonics

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Laser speckle imaging (LSI) techniques have emerged as a promising method for visualizing functional blood vessels and tissue perfusion by analyzing the speckle patterns generated by coherent light interacting with living biological tissue. These patterns carry important biophysical tissue information including blood flow dynamics. The non‐invasive, label‐free, and wide‐field attributes along with relatively simple instrumental schematics make it an appealing imaging modality in pre‐clinical and clinical applications. The review outlines the fundamentals of speckle physics and the three categories of LSI techniques based on their degree of quantification: qualitative semi‐quantitative and quantitative. Qualitative LSI produces microvascular maps by capturing speckle contrast variations between blood vessels containing moving red blood cells and the surrounding static tissue. Semi‐quantitative techniques provide a more accurate analysis of blood flow dynamics by accounting for the effect of static scattering on spatiotemporal parameters. Quantitative LSI such as optical speckle image velocimetry (OSIV) provides quantitative flow velocity measurements which is inspired by the particle image velocimetry in fluid mechanics. Additionally, discussions regarding the prospects of future innovations in LSI techniques for optimizing the vascular flow quantification with associated clinical outlook are presented.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in laser speckle imaging: From qualitative to quantitative hemodynamic assessment

Qureshi,

Allam,

et al. 2023

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…[6] Another problem occurs at the other end of the spectrum, i.e., when approaching near infrared (NIR). Due to the thin device layers used (typically <10 μm), [7] the long wavelengths pass through without being absorbed making the device less efficient at wavelengths longer than ≈700 nm. NIR sensitivity can be improved by using thicker device layers, but that often requires tradeoffs in crosstalk, dark current and speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS Image Sensor for Broad Spectral Range with >90% Quantum Efficiency

Setälä

Prest

Stefanov

et al. 2023

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Even though the recent progress made in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CIS) has enabled numerous applications affecting our daily lives, the technology still relies on conventional methods such as antireflective coatings and ion‐implanted back‐surface field to reduce optical and electrical losses resulting in limited device performance. In this work, these methods are replaced with nanostructured surfaces and atomic layer deposited surface passivation. The results show that such surface nanoengineering applied to a commercial backside illuminated CIS significantly extends its spectral range and enhances its photosensitivity as demonstrated by >90% quantum efficiency in the 300–700 nm wavelength range. The surface nanoengineering also reduces the dark current by a factor of three. While the photoresponse uniformity of the sensor is seen to be slightly better, possible scattering from the nanostructures can lead to increased optical crosstalk between the pixels. The results demonstrate the vast potential of surface nanoengineering in improving the performance of CIS for a wide range of applications.

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CMOS pixel architectures

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Advances in laser speckle imaging: From qualitative to quantitative hemodynamic assessment

Advances in laser speckle imaging: From qualitative to quantitative hemodynamic assessment

CMOS Image Sensor for Broad Spectral Range with >90% Quantum Efficiency

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