CMOS rectifier design for RFID chip with high sensitivity at low input power to be combined with an ultrasmall antenna

Jantarachote, Vasan; Tontisirin, Sitt; Akkaraekthalin, Prayoot; Negra, Renato; Chalermwisutkul, Suramate

doi:10.1002/jnm.2607

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Although high efficiencies are reported for −22.4 dBm [13], studies at input powers as low as −30 dBm are rare [14]. Thus, this work is compared to various measurements [10,11,12] and simulations [13,14,15,16,17,18,19] at higher input powers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Optimization of a Fully Cross-Coupled Rectifier Circuit for Wireless Passive Ultra Low Power Sensor Nodes

Mair

Ferdik

Happ

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In the context of the Internet of Things, billions of devices—especially sensors—will be linked together in the next few years. A core component of wireless passive sensor nodes is the rectifier, which has to provide the circuit with sufficient operating voltage. In these devices, the rectifier has to be as energy efficient as possible in order to guarantee an optimal operation. Therefore, a numerical optimization scheme is proposed in this paper, which is able to find a unique optimal solution for an integrated Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) rectifier circuit with Self-Vth-Cancellation (SVC). An exploration of the parameter space is carried out in order to generate a meaningful target function for enhancing the rectified power for a fixed communication distance. In this paper, a mean conversion efficiency is introduced, which is a more valid target function for optimization than the Voltage Conversion Efficiency (VCE) and the commonly used Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) and is defined as the arithmetic mean between PCE and VCE. Various trade-offs between output voltage, PCE, VCE and MCE are shown, which provide valuable information for low power rectifier designs. With the proposed method, a rectifier in a low power 55 nm process from Globalfoundries (GF55LPe) is optimized and simulated at −30 dBm input power. A mean PCE of 63.33% and a mean VCE of 63.40% is achieved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most publications concerning rectifier design do not mention specifics on how the rectifier itself is optimized. Additionally, most publications do not mention a high VCE as a design goal [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. We show that using only PCE or VCE is not feasible for an automated design process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Numerical Optimization of a Fully Cross-Coupled Rectifier Circuit for Wireless Passive Ultra Low Power Sensor Nodes

Mair

Ferdik

Happ

et al. 2019

Sensors

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show abstract

“…If the diode is not turned on since the RF input power is too low or the load impedance is too high, the RF to DC conversion does not take place and the PCE drops to zero. Significant efforts have been made on the device level to lower, cancel, or compensate the diode's threshold voltage so that the rectifier can convert very small amount of RF input power to DC [24]. Low threshold devices are mainly used for RFID chips for read range extension rather than for RFEH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Harvested RF Energy Based on Survey of Ambient RF Power for Optimized Rectifier Design

Arpanutud

Tontisirin²,

Chudpooti

et al. 2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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This paper presents estimation of harvested RF energy by means of measurement survey and rectifier circuit simulation. The survey was done in an indoor environment in Bangkok, Thailand using a low-cost in-house developed measurement system. From the survey, channel power distribution of a signal with 950 MHz center frequency and 20 MHz bandwidth was created. The maximum time averaged channel power is -7.6 dBm whereas the mean value with maximum signal statistic is -11.1 dBm. A single stage rectifier is simulated with 5 different nominal values of RF input power which is used to optimize the rectifier for maximum RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency. The rectifier composes a Schottky diode, a matching network and a simple load consisting of a resistor and a storage capacitor. Parameters of the simplified LC matching network have been varied to match the rectifier’s input impedance to 50 Ω for various nominal values of the RF input power. In addition, the load resistance was varied according to the nominal RF input power for an optimal power conversion efficiency of the rectifier. The rectifier delivers the highest harvested RF energy with a nominal RF input power of -9 dBm which is a value between the maximum and the mean values from the survey. The DC energy converted from ambient RF energy by the rectifier can be estimated. With this information, it can be assessed what type of applications based on available RF energy can be applied for the test area. This rectifier optimization strategy can be applied to any kind of RF signal since it is based on actual measurement results. Moreover, the proposed rectifier can be designed for reconfigurability regarding nominal RF input power at the location of interest by varying the matching network parameters and the load resistance. In practical applications, the reconfigurable rectifier can maintain a high level of power conversion efficiency over a wide range of RF input power. This can be done by optimizing the rectifier’s input matching network and the load resistance for the highest possible power harvested from the environment where the rectifier is located.

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Design of Synchronous RF-DC Rectifier for Energy Harvesting System

Jiang

2023

International Journal of Electronics

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CMOS rectifier design for RFID chip with high sensitivity at low input power to be combined with an ultrasmall antenna

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Numerical Optimization of a Fully Cross-Coupled Rectifier Circuit for Wireless Passive Ultra Low Power Sensor Nodes

Numerical Optimization of a Fully Cross-Coupled Rectifier Circuit for Wireless Passive Ultra Low Power Sensor Nodes

Estimation of Harvested RF Energy Based on Survey of Ambient RF Power for Optimized Rectifier Design

Design of Synchronous RF-DC Rectifier for Energy Harvesting System

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