CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Array for Time-Resolved Fluorescence Detection

Mosconi, Daniel; Stoppa, David; Pancheri, Lucio; Gonzo, L.; Simoni, Andrea

doi:10.1109/esscir.2006.307487

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…SPADs have been integrated in CMOS achieving large arrays of pixels that operate independently with noise and timing resolutions comparable to those of PMTs and MCPs [8]. Current developments in more advanced CMOS technologies have demonstrated full scalability of SPAD devices, a 25μm pitch, and dead time as low as 32ns [9,10,11,12]. The sensitivity, characterized in SPADs as photon detection probability (PDP), can exceed 25-50%.…”

Section: Single-photon Detection In Cmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Arrays of Nano-sized Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes for Industrial and Bio Imaging

Charbon

2009

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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Abstract. In this paper we present a review of recent advances in the field of ultra-sensitive imagers with ultra fast detection capability. Photon counting capability in these sensors is generally available, along with time-of-arrival analysis, thus enabling an increasingly broad range of diagnostics applications. The current trend is to migrate the designs with nanometric feature sizes and to push integration to new highs, so as to enable placing more functionality and more processing on pixel and on chip. Examples of these new trends are given in the context of industrial and bio applications.

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Section: Single-photon Detection In Cmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Arrays of Nano-sized Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes for Industrial and Bio Imaging

Charbon

2009

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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“…The main problem with this approach is the physical size of circuitries capable of discriminating a few tens of picoseconds several millions times per second. While researchers have used on-pixel time-to-amplitude converters (TACs), they can be large [49,50]. However, the research activity in this field is extensive and massively parallel TACs and their digital equivalent, time-to-digital converters (TDCs), are expected in the near future.…”

Section: System Miniaturizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards large scale CMOS single-photon detector arrays for lab-on-chip applications

Charbon¹

2008

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Single-photon detection is useful in many domains requiring time-resolved imaging, high sensitivity and high dynamic range. In this paper the miniaturization and performance potential of solid-state single-photon detectors are discussed in the context of lab-on-chip applications where high accuracy and/or high levels of parallelism are suited. Technological and design trade-offs are discussed in view of recent advances in integrated LED matrix technology and the emergence of new multiplication based architectures.

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“…This has changed rapidly in the past few years [7][8][9]11,15,24,25]. The only conceptual difference between ranging applications and fluorescence detection is that instead of detecting the light reflected by objects, a ToF sensor detects light emitted by fluorophores.…”

Section: Beyond Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, ToF technologies are often developed also for fluorescence and fluorescence lifetime detection [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. It is apparent that the engineering and biomedical communities may benefit from each other, and we are seeding new technologies and applications that could have significant impact on basic sciences and health care in the medium term.…”

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confidence: 99%

Beyond Range: Innovating Fluorescence Microscopy

Esposito

2012

Remote Sensing

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Time-of-Flight (ToF) technologies are developed mainly for range estimations in industrial applications or consumer products. Recently, it was realized that ToF sensors could also be used for the detection of fluorescence and of the minute changes in the nanosecond-lived electronic states of fluorescent molecules. This capability can be exploited to report on the biochemical processes occurring within living organisms. ToF technologies, therefore, provide new opportunities in molecular and cell biology, diagnostics, and drug discovery. In this short communication, the convergence of the engineering and biomedical communities onto ToF technologies and its potential impact on basic, applied and translational sciences are discussed.Keywords: Time-of-Flight (ToF); fluorescence lifetime; microscopy Converging CommunitiesIt was the summer of 2005 when in the laboratory of Fred Wouters we started the first autonomous runs of our new in-house developed high throughput fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) system. However successful that development was, one key element in allowing the biomedical community to benefit from FLIM systems, to enable the screening technologies we were pioneering [1] and to get closer to the routine application of FLIM, was still missing: replacing the expensive, comparatively fragile, and not very user-friendly, multi-channel plates used in FLIM with better technologies. The basic idea was to find a silicon-based detector capable of demodulating fluorescence signals on a bi-dimensional array of pixels. Frequent searches of primary literature returned only a few, though interesting, papers including: Nishikata et al. [2] on the development of a dedicated lock-in imager in CCD technology and, Mitchell et al. [3,4] on the adaptation of conventional CCD cameras to achieve demodulation. Unfortunately, ad hoc technologies for lock-in imaging appeared to be operating at OPEN ACCESS

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CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Array for Time-Resolved Fluorescence Detection

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Highly Sensitive Arrays of Nano-sized Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes for Industrial and Bio Imaging

Highly Sensitive Arrays of Nano-sized Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes for Industrial and Bio Imaging

Towards large scale CMOS single-photon detector arrays for lab-on-chip applications

Beyond Range: Innovating Fluorescence Microscopy

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