CMOS SPADs with up to 500 μm diameter and 55% detection efficiency at 420 nm

Villa, Federica; Bronzi, Danilo; Zou, Yu; Scarcella, Carmelo; Boso, Gianluca; Tisa, Simone; Tosi, Alberto; Zappa, Franco; Durini, Daniel; Weyers, Sascha; Paschen, Uwe; Brockherde, W.

doi:10.1080/09500340.2013.864425

Cited by 82 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To this aim, we measured the PDE of single SPADs with the same dimension and shape of those integrated into the SiPM microcells and placed on the same silicon wafer. Then the effective PDE of SiPM can be directly computed by multiplying that PDE by the SiPM FF: = × (2) We measured the PDE of the three families of SPADs at 6 V excess bias, from 300 nm to 1100 nm wavelength, using the same optical setup presented in [18]. Figure 12 shows the resulting PDE of the three SiPMs.…”

Section: Photon Detection Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Custom technologies are exploited in order to optimize the performance of SiPMs, in terms of dark count rate (DCR) and PDE, however, it doesn't allow the integration of complex electronics. High-performance SPADs in 0.35 μm CMOS technology have already been demonstrated in [18] [19]. We designed for the first time analog SiPM in standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Planar CMOS analog SiPMs: design, modeling, and characterization

Zou

Villa

Bronzi

et al. 2015

Journal of Modern Optics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

, respectively). Although dark count rate density is slightly higher than state-of-the-art analog SiPMs, the proposed standard CMOS processing opens the feasibility of integration with active electronics, for switching hot pixels off, drastically reducing the overall dark count rate, or for further on-chip processing.keywoards-single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD); silicon photomultiplier (SiPM); single-photon sensitivity; photon counting; CMOS technology; SPICE modeling

show abstract

Section: Photon Detection Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar CMOS analog SiPMs: design, modeling, and characterization

Zou

Villa

Bronzi

et al. 2015

Journal of Modern Optics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All measurements are at room temperature (25 °C) and 6 V excess bias [14]. Being housed in a standard form-factor case, the instrument can be easily coupled with different optical accessories, simplifying its assembly in existing experimental setups, for a wide variety of on-field applications.…”

Section: Instrument Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 summarizes the performance of available pixels with diameter of 50 µm, 100 µm and 200 µm [14], in terms of Dark Count Rate (DCR), timing jitter, Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE), and afterpulsing probability. A more complete characterization of the devices can be found in Ref.…”

Section: Experimental Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more complete characterization of the devices can be found in Ref. [14]. The pixel with a 50 µm SPAD was chosen as the best compromise between PDE, DCR and timing resolution, and it is the device tested in the following measurements (its breakdown voltage is 26.5 V and it was operated at an excess bias voltage of V EX = 6 V).…”

Section: Experimental Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low-Cost and Compact Single-Photon Counter Based on a CMOS SPAD Smart Pixel

Boso

Buttafava

Villa

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

> Low-cost and compact single-photon counter based on a CMOS SPAD smart pixel < 1  Abstract-We present a single-photon counter based on a silicon Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) fabricated in a 0.35 µm CMOS technology. The detector is monolithically integrated with a front-end circuit and a digital pulse output driver. External components are kept to a minimum and the resulting instrument is low-cost, low-power and compact, being housed into an industry-standard 1-inch aluminum optical mounting tube. It features a maximum power consumption of just 250 mW from an USB link. The embedded 50 µm diameter SPAD has high photon detection efficiency in the visible range (55 % at 420 nm), low noise (< 100 cps at room temperature), low timing jitter (< 100 ps full-width at half maximum), and very low afterpulsing probability (down to 1 % with 60 ns hold-off time). The high performance, compactness and low cost enable many unexplored applications in life sciences, personal health care, industrial quality check, quantum physics and others, where it is required to count single photons and to measure their arrival time.Index Terms -photodetector, single-photon avalanche diode, SPAD, photon counting, near-infrared detector.

show abstract

A multipixel diffuse correlation spectroscopy system based on a single photon avalanche diode array

Johansson

Portaluppi

Buttafava

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The autocorrelation of laser speckles from coherent near infrared light is used for noninvasive estimates of relative changes in blood perfusion in techniques such as laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). In this study, a 2D array of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) was used to combine the strengths of multiple detectors in LDF with high light sensitivity in DCS. The system was tested on milk phantoms with varying detector fiber diameter (200 and 600 μm), source-detector fiber separation (4.6-10.2 mm), fiber-SPAD distance (2.5-36.5 mm), contiguous measurement time per repetition for the autocorrelation (1-33 ms) and temperature (15.6-46.7 C). An in vivo blood occlusion test was also performed. The multipixel approach improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and, in our setup, the use of a multimode detector fiber was beneficial for SNR. In conclusion, the multipixel system works, but improvements and further studies regarding, for example, the data acquisition and optimal settings are still needed. K E Y W O R D Sblood flow measurements, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry, SPAD array

show abstract

CMOS SPADs with up to 500 μm diameter and 55% detection efficiency at 420 nm

Cited by 82 publications

References 33 publications

Planar CMOS analog SiPMs: design, modeling, and characterization

Planar CMOS analog SiPMs: design, modeling, and characterization

Low-Cost and Compact Single-Photon Counter Based on a CMOS SPAD Smart Pixel

A multipixel diffuse correlation spectroscopy system based on a single photon avalanche diode array

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About