Co-Administration of Goko Herbal Cleanser and Paracetamol: A Herb-Drug Interaction Study

Abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of co-administering paracetamol and Goko cleanserâon the liver.
 Method: Twenty rats divided into four different groups were used for this Study. Group one (control group) received distilled water only; Group two received paracetamol only (100mg/kg), Group three received Goko cleanserâonly (2 mL/kg) and Group four received paracetamol and Goko cleanserâconcomitantly for 3 days. Blood and liver samples were analyzed for biochemical and histopathological parameters respectively.
 Results: Data obtained revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT) in the Goko cleanserâ-only group compared to control. A significant decrease in AST was also observed in paracetamol + Goko cleanserâgroup. No significant change in ALT, ALP and GGT levels in the paracetamol + Goko cleanserâgroups was observed. Results of histology examination showed normal liver tissues with normal hepatocytes, sinusoids and central vein for both treated and control groups.
 Conclusion: The significant reductions in the liver enzymes by observed in the Goko cleanserâ-only group indicated potential hepato-protective effects which could be due to the presence of phenolic compounds which acted as antioxidants. The short-term co-administration of paracetamol and Goko cleanserâproduced no liver toxicity. However, this is subject to further studies using pharmacokinetic analysis and also, a long-term study is strongly advocated.
 
 Peer Review History: 
 Received: 7 July 2021; Revised: 8 August; Accepted: 7 September, Available online: 15 September 2021
 Academic Editor: Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, dressamceutics@yahoo.com
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 Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
 Reviewers:
 Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
 Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. amaechitoexcel@yahoo.com 
 Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
 Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, tahachemist2008@gmail.com
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“…Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) with common names such as moringa, drumstick tree has antioxidant 7 , antidiabetic 8 , cardiovascular 9 and anti-inflammatory activities 10 . Moringa oleiferais used as antioxidant due to it bioactive components vitamin and polyphenol 11 . Chenopodia strummurale (Amaranthaceae) is a species of plant in the amaranth family known by the common names nettle-leaved goosefoot, Australian-spinach, salt-green, and sowbane which have been reported to possess antifungal and antibacterial properties 12 .…”