Co‐administration ofSalvia miltiorrhizaand verapamil inhibits detrimental effects of torsion/detorsion on testicular tissue in rats

Abstract

Testicular torsion/detorsion is one of the important emergencies that requires fast surgical intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza hydroalcoholic extract combined with verapamil on testicular ischaemia/reperfusion damage in Wistar albino rats. All animals were distributed in 3 groups (n = 8), including the sham‐operated group, torsion/detorsion (TD) group and torsion/detorsion + pretreatment with 200 mg/kg Salvia miltiorrhiza extract combined with 0.3 mg/kg verapamil (SMV) group. Oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, GPx, CAT and TAC) both in plasma and testicular tissue, sperm parameters (motility, vitality, concentration and morphology) and histopathological parameters (MSTD, GECT, Johnson's score, Cosentino's score and testicular cell thickness) were assessed in all groups. Ischaemia/reperfusion significantly increased MDA and decreased GPx, CAT and TAC levels (p < .05). Pretreatment with SMV significantly increased GPx, CAT and TAC levels (p < .05). SMV group increased progressive sperm motility and vitality and reduced non‐progressive motility of spermatozoon (p < .05). Testicular torsion significantly decreased all histopathological parameters compared to the sham group (p < .05). SMV pretreatment remarkably increased MSTD, GECT and Cosentino's score in comparison with the TD group (p < .05). A combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza with verapamil could reduce damages triggered by testicular torsion detorsion and improve sperm functionality parameters and oxidative stress defence systems.

Protective effect of Smilax excelsa L. pretreatment via antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory effects, and activation of Nrf‐2/ HO ‐1 pathway in testicular torsion model

“…Since sperm cells are known to be susceptible to I/R injury, it is critical that sperm parameters are assessed in the experimental torsion model (Taheri et al, 2021). Sperm motility is one of the most important traits affecting the reproductive process, and it has been linked to infertility (Owumi et al, 2021).…”

HO-1 attenuates testicular ischaemia/reperfusion injury by activating the phosphorylated C-jun-miR-221/222-TOX pathway

“…Compared with the WT group, the hmox −/− group showed a significant increase in the plasma FSH level. As previously described [ 18 , 19 ], we used H&E and Johnsen's score to evaluate pathophysiological injuries, for example, severe pathophysiological injuries including irregular and atrophic seminiferous tubules morphology, as well as germinal cell sloughing corresponds to a low Johnsen's score. Groups subjected to reperfusion for 1 and 3 days, respectively, after ischaemia showed severe pathophysiological injuries with a significant reduction in the Johnsen's scores in both hmox +/+ and hmox −/− groups when compared with the sham group.…”

Evaluating the effects of betaine on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by torsion/detorsion in the rat

“…In normal body conditions, antioxidant defence prevents overproduction of ROS. However, in the testicular torsion, the antioxidant defence is disrupted and ROS production is increased (Taheri et al, 2021; Tanriverdi et al, 2021). Previous studies have investigated several antioxidants, enzymes, substrates, and drugs to prevent injuries triggered by testicular T/D (Davoodi et al, 2020; Keseroglu et al, 2019).…”