Co-carbonization of waste biomass with expanded polystyrene for enhanced biochar production

Adeniyi, Adewale George; Amusa, Victor Temitope; Emenike, Ebuka Chizitere; Iwuozor, Kingsley O.

doi:10.1080/17597269.2022.2161133

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Biochar can also be used for water treatment, as a building material, and even as a carbon sink to help mitigate climate change 86 . In remote and rural areas, TLUD gasification can be particularly useful due to its ease of use 87,88 . Top‐lit updraft gasifiers can be constructed from locally available materials, and can be operated by individuals or small communities without the need for advanced technical knowledge or specialized equipment.…”

Section: Principle Of Tlud Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…86 In remote and rural areas, TLUD gasification can be particularly useful due to its ease of use. 87,88 Top-lit updraft gasifiers can be constructed from locally available materials, and can be operated by individuals or small communities without the need for advanced technical knowledge or specialized equipment. This makes it an attractive option for communities that may not have access to modern infrastructure or specialized technicians.…”

Section: Principle Of Tlud Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion of biomass to biochar using top‐lit updraft technology: a review

Adeniyi

Iwuozor

Muritala

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The demand for biochar has increased over time due to its wide range of applications in various industries. Biochar, which is the solid product of the thermochemical conversion of biomass, has been synthesized using different reactor‐based technologies. One such technology is top‐lit updraft (TLUD) technology. This study is a review of published literature that discusses trends in the utilization of the TLUD technology, focusing on biochar production. This study also evaluated the principles of TLUD technology. The properties and applications of TLUD‐based biochar were also discussed. In comparison with other technologies, TLUD technology is characterized by higher thermal efficiency, simplicity of starting the fuel, low smoke emission, and high biochar yield. It was observed that the use of TLUD technology resulted in the production of high‐quality biochar with a variety of characteristics, which has been utilized as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, in the agricultural sector to increase soil nutrients, and as a solid fuel. The concept of semi‐batch‐fed TLUD technology was also introduced in this study to enhance the efficiency and output of the batch‐fed TLUD configuration that has been in use. Some knowledge gaps in the study could be addressed by future studies on the use of this technology.

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Section: Principle Of Tlud Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principle Of Tlud Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass to biochar using top‐lit updraft technology: a review

Adeniyi

Iwuozor

Muritala

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…The surface area was also calculated based on the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm obtained from the Multipoint BET analysis, and the total pore volume and pore diameter were obtained using the Barette, Jovner, and Halenda (BJH) method. 26…”

Section: Carbonization Process and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the potential of teak seed waste: carbonization for sustainable resource transformation

Adeniyi,

Iwuozor,

Ezzat

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The importance of carbonizing teak seed waste lies in unlocking its untapped potential for sustainable resource transformation while achieving waste management and converting the waste to more valuable products. This study investigates the production and characterization of teak‐seed biochar employing a top‐lit updraft reactor. The process parameters include a carbonization time of 2 h and a peak temperature of 379 °C, resulting in a substantial yield of 42%. Elemental analysis reveals the biochar's composition, consisting of 77.20% carbon and 18.79% potassium, positioning it as a valuable resource with versatile applications. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showcases a rich variety of functional groups within the biochar, including alcohols, carboxylic and phenolic groups, amides, and various hydrocarbon structures, signifying its multifaceted potential for applications like the adsorption of aqueous pollutants, soil stabilization, and enhanced ion‐exchange capacity. Textural assessments emphasize its noteworthy surface area (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) analysis: 190.05 m2g−1; Langmuir: 1664.35 m2g−1), micropore volume (0.069 cm3g−1), and total pore volume (0.097 cm3/g−1), primarily characterized by mesoporous attributes (pore diameter: 2.153 nm), rendering it suitable for various applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of surface morphology reveals a rough texture embellished with various‐sized and shaped particles, distinguished by their silvery, shiny appearance, which is attributed to the biochar's elemental composition, particularly the presence of potassium. These findings underline the promising potential of teak seed biochar across multiple applications, including agriculture, wastewater treatment, and environmental remediation.

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“…Polystyrene, a thermoplastic polymer, is one of the most commonly observed synthetic polymers in the environment 11,12 . It is usually used as a cushion material for the transport of goods, in food packaging, and as a refrigerator liner 13,14 . Its availability, low cost, environmental friendliness, ease of composite production, lightness, non‐requirement of curing agents or hardeners, and flame retardant properties are some of the characteristics that favor its use over epoxy resin for composite development 15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 It is usually used as a cushion material for the transport of goods, in food packaging, and as a refrigerator liner. 13,14 Its availability, low cost, environmental friendliness, ease of composite production, lightness, non-requirement of curing agents or hardeners, and flame retardant properties are some of the characteristics that favor its use over epoxy resin for composite development. 15,16 Polystyrene resin is usually prepared by dissolving polystyrene in a suitable solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and thermal properties of thermally cured calcined cow bone/kaolin filled hybrid polystyrene composites

Adeniyi

Abdulkareem

Odimayomi

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The advantages that plastic‐based composites provide over epoxy‐based composites have catalyzed interest in the former in recent years. Polystyrene, a common packaging plastic, has been used for the production of composites. However, its hydrophilicity and curing duration are issues that undermine its commercialization. In this study, two fillers, calcined cow bone and kaolin, were introduced into a polystyrene resin matrix in varying concentrations through the hand lay‐up method. The composites were thermally cured at a temperature of 200°C for 3 h, after which they were characterized for their thermal and microstructural properties. DSC analysis revealed that the presence of kaolin improved the thermal property of the composite more than cow bone. The FTIR results revealed that the filler(s) were incorporated into the matrix via chemical reactions, as evidenced by bond breakage and formation. EDX results confirmed the incorporation of the fillers, with carbon being the most dominant element in the composites. It showed that the cow bone introduced elements such as phosphorus and calcium, while the kaolin introduced elements such as silicon and aluminum to the composite. SEM micrographs showed the presence of good interfacial adhesion between the filler(s) and the matrix. This study has shown that thermal curing is a viable solution to the shortcomings of polystyrene‐based composites and their commercialization.

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Co-carbonization of waste biomass with expanded polystyrene for enhanced biochar production

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Conversion of biomass to biochar using top‐lit updraft technology: a review

Conversion of biomass to biochar using top‐lit updraft technology: a review

Unlocking the potential of teak seed waste: carbonization for sustainable resource transformation

Microstructural and thermal properties of thermally cured calcined cow bone/kaolin filled hybrid polystyrene composites

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