“…[130][131][132][133][134][135][136] There are numerous examples from adsorption studies that demonstrate interfaces in which hybridization between adsorbate and substrate electronic states gives rise to distinct interface states. Work done between the 1970s and present day has provided many examples of such interfaces, involving small organic molecules on metals, 131,132,134,[136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150] noble gas atoms on metals, [151][152][153][154][155][156][157] small inorganic molecules (such as CO, [158][159][160][161][162][163][164] NO 165 and H 2 O 166,167 ) on metals and oxides, 160,161 and various organic semiconductors on metals and inorganic semiconductors. 131,132,134,…”