Co-existence of beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Kathmandu, Nepal

Pokhrel, Ram Hari; Thapa, Badri; Kafle, Rajesh; Shah, Pradeep Kumar; Tribuddharat, Chanwit

doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-694

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Other authors noted different observations in that clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa carried bla CTX-M-types which was the most common (95.8%) followed by bla TEM (29.2%), bla SHV (7.3%), and bla VIM (12.5%) in Nepal [38]. These observations contribute to the knowledge of the epidemiology of VIM, TEM, SHV, and CTX-M-producing Gram-negative isolates that have now become endemic in major hospitals in Egypt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of TEM, VIM, SHV, and CTX-Mβ-Lactamases in Imipenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Egyptian Hospitals

Mohammed

Fakhr

sayed

et al. 2016

International Journal of Microbiology

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Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli resulting from β-lactamases have been reported to be an important cause of nosocomial infections and are a critical therapeutic problem worldwide. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of imipenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates and detection of bla VIM, bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-M-1, and bla CTX-M-9 genes in these clinical isolates in Egyptian hospitals. The isolates were collected from various clinical samples, identified by conventional methods and confirmed by API 20E. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by Kirby-Bauer technique and interpreted according to CLSI. Production of bla VIM, bla TEM, bla SHV, and bla CTX-M genes was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Direct sequencing from PCR products was subsequently carried out to identify and confirm these β-lactamases genes. Out of 65 isolates, (46.1%) Escherichia coli, (26.2%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, and (10.7%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified as the commonest Gram-negative bacilli. 33(50.8%) were imipenem-resistant isolates. 22 isolates (66.7%) carried bla VIM, 24(72.7%) had bla TEM, and 5(15%) showed bla SHV, while 12(36%), 6(18.2%), and 0(0.00%) harbored bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-9, and bla CTX-M-8/25, respectively. There is a high occurrence of β-lactamase genes in clinical isolates and sequence analysis of amplified genes showed differences between multiple SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) sites in the same gene among local isolates in relation to published sequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of TEM, VIM, SHV, and CTX-Mβ-Lactamases in Imipenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Egyptian Hospitals

Mohammed

Fakhr

sayed

et al. 2016

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…Chander and Shrestha from nearby hospital reported the ESBL prevalence rate to be 13.5% [18] whereas, recently, Neupane et al have reported 33.2% of ESBL producers in their study [19]. Similarly, Ansari et al [20], Khanal et al [21], Pokhrel et al [10], Yadav et al [22], and Pant et al [23] have reported 24%, 25%, 25.8%, 26.8%, and 31.3% ESBL producers, respectively. These findings correlated well with those of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies on prevalence, risk factors, and molecular characterization of ESBL producing organisms have been carried out from developed world but only few data are available concerning the genetic characterization of clinical isolates from Nepal [6, 9, 10]. Rapid and prompt detection of ESBL producing pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae is of utmost importance to promulgate the appropriate antimicrobial therapy and also for preventing cross-transmission to other patients in the vicinity [11].…”

Section: General Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Perils of Extended Spectrumβ-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Clinical Isolates in a Teaching Hospital of Nepal

Parajuli

Maharjan

Joshi

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. Infections due to extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae are on the rise. They pose serious public health problems due to their resistance to large number of antibiotics. However, little is known about the genotypes of ESBL from Nepal. Therefore, the study presents results of phenotypic and molecular characterization of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from various clinical specimens in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Nepal. Methods. A total of 172 Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates recovered from various clinical specimens were analyzed for their antibiotic susceptibility test. Detection of ESBLs was carried out using combination disk test and multiplex PCR for their genotypes (CTX-M, SHV, and TEM). Results. Out of 172 clinical isolates, 70 (40.6%) of them were found ESBL producers. The major source of ESBL producers was urinary tract samples and the highest ESBL production was observed in Escherichia coli (46.5%). Among ESBL genotypes, CTX-M (91.4%) was most predominant, followed by TEM (65.7%) and SHV (11.4%) in both of the isolates. Conclusions. High level of drug resistance and ESBL production was observed among the clinical isolates. There is a need for longitudinal and nationwide surveillance for drug resistance in clinical isolates and antimicrobial stewardship is necessary to guide the appropriate and judicious antibiotic use.

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“…CP-CRE prevalence rates are approximately 18% in two large hospitals in Nepal (99, 101). The most common carbapenemase in Enterobacteriaceae is NDM (101,102), with two new variants (NDM-8 and -12) described in Nepal recently (103,104). No mcr-positive Enterobacteriaceae have been found in Nepal to date.…”

Section: South Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae in South and Southeast Asia

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, in particular the Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex and Enterobacteriaceae, are escalating global public health threats. We review the epidemiology and prevalence of these carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among countries in South and Southeast Asia, where the rates of resistance are some of the highest in the world. These countries house more than a third of the world's population, and several are also major medical tourism destinations. There are significant data gaps, and the almost universal lack of comprehensive surveillance programs that include molecular epidemiologic testing has made it difficult to understand the origins and extent of the problem in depth. A complex combination of factors such as inappropriate prescription of antibiotics, overstretched health systems, and international travel (including the phenomenon of medical tourism) probably led to the rapid rise and spread of these bacteria in hospitals in South and Southeast Asia. In India, Pakistan, and Vietnam, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have also been found in the environment and community, likely as a consequence of poor environmental hygiene and sanitation. Considerable political will and effort, including from countries outside these regions, are vital in order to reduce the prevalence of such bacteria in South and Southeast Asia and prevent their global spread.

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Co-existence of beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Kathmandu, Nepal

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

Spread of TEM, VIM, SHV, and CTX-Mβ-Lactamases in Imipenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Egyptian Hospitals

Spread of TEM, VIM, SHV, and CTX-Mβ-Lactamases in Imipenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Egyptian Hospitals

Emerging Perils of Extended Spectrumβ-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Clinical Isolates in a Teaching Hospital of Nepal

Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae in South and Southeast Asia

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