Co-Exposure with Fullerene May Strengthen Health Effects of Organic Industrial Chemicals

Abstract

In vitro toxicological studies together with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations show that occupational co-exposure with C60 fullerene may strengthen the health effects of organic industrial chemicals. The chemicals studied are acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, m-cresol, and toluene which can be used with fullerene as reagents or solvents in industrial processes. Potential co-exposure scenarios include a fullerene dust and organic chemical vapor, or a fullerene solution aerosolized in workplace air. Unfiltered and filtered mixtures of C60 and organic chemicals represent different co-exposure scenarios in in vitro studies where acute cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity of C60 and organic chemicals are tested together and alone by using human THP-1-derived macrophages. Statistically significant co-effects are observed for an unfiltered mixture of benzaldehyde and C60 that is more cytotoxic than benzaldehyde alone, and for a filtered mixture of m-cresol and C60 that is slightly less cytotoxic than m-cresol. Hydrophobicity of chemicals correlates with co-effects when secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α is considered. Complementary atomistic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that C60 co-aggregates with all chemicals in aqueous environment. Stable aggregates have a fullerene-rich core and a chemical-rich surface layer, and while essentially all C60 molecules aggregate together, a portion of organic molecules remains in water.

Antagonistic Interactions between Benzo[a]pyrene and Fullerene (C60) in Toxicological Response of Marine Mussels

“…The ability of C 60 to both generate and quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) has recently been recognised as a particularly important property in the interaction of fullerenes with biological systems [7], with many aquatic studies demonstrating that fullerenes are capable of eliciting toxicity via oxidative stress [8,9,10]. Numerous studies have investigated the beneficial and toxicological effects of fullerenes [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. However, the toxicity of nanomaterials has been shown to be dependent on numerous factors, including surface area, chemical composition and shape [18,19].…”

Joint toxicity of carbon nanomaterials and coexisting pollutants

“…Chang等 [31] 指出GO在高 [47] ; n-π作用发生于CNMs上的电子空穴位点 与带有孤对电子的含氧或含氮的有机分子(如萘酚、 萘胺)之间 [48] ; 疏水作用主要发生在疏水性OPs与含有 疏水性表面的G、rGO、CNTs和C 60 之间; 氢键作用主 要发生于带有含氧官能团的GO或经过含氧官能团修 饰的CNTs和同样带有含氧官能团的有机物之间 [49] . CNMs与OPs之间通过一系列的相互作用会造成生物 有效性、生物积累、转运以及毒性发生改变 [50] , 进而 导致不同的联合毒性效应. (1) CNMs可以作为OPs的"汇".…”

Proteomics applications in biomedical research and diagnosis by luminex in Egypt

“…On the other hand, pulmonary endothelial cells exposed to aqueous cigarette smoke extract and ambient ultrafine particles gives rise to much higher expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) than the both exposure agents alone (Mo et al, 2012). Coexposure with fullerene with by products to human THP-1-derived macrophages resulted in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α (Lehto et al, 2014).…”