Co-infection of Chicken Layers With Histomonas meleagridis and Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Is Associated With Dysbiosis, Cecal Colonization and Translocation of the Bacteria From the Gut Lumen

Abstract

In vivo Interaction Between Histomonas meleagridis and the Host Microbiota dead and co-infected birds. Furthermore, numbers of lux-tagged E. coli in caeca were significantly higher at every sampling date in co-infected birds. Altogether, infection of layers with H. meleagridis and E. coli resulted in more severe pathological changes, dramatic shift in the cecal mucosa-associated microbiota, higher tissue colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as avian pathogenic E. coli in the gut and increased penetration of E. coli from the cecal lumen toward peritoneum. This study provides novel insights into the parasite-bacteria interaction in vivo highlighting the role of H. meleagridis to support E. coli in the pathogenesis of colibacillosis in chickens.

Typhlitis induced by Histomonas meleagridis affects relative but not the absolute Escherichia coli counts and invasion in the gut in turkeys

“…Likewise, caecal samples of naturally infected turkeys showing severe fibrinous typhlitis from two field cases were also considered. The IHC protocol for the detection of E. coli was followed as described previously [ 4 ]. Briefly, tissue sections mounted on charged glass slides were dewaxed, rehydrated and incubated overnight with a primary monoclonal antibody (anti- E. coli LPS antibody (2D7/1), ab35654, Abcam, Austria).…”

“…A normal gut microbial community and integrity of the intestinal wall in poultry are essential for nutrient digestion, production of beneficial short chain fatty acids and prevention of disease by competitive exclusion or blocking of pathogen colonization [ 1 , 2 ]. Any shifts of the resident microbiota might compromise all or some of these functions [ 3 ] leading to reduction in intestinal barrier function potentially resulting in bacterial translocation from gut to systemic organs [ 4 , 5 ]. The knowledge on the composition of complex gut microbiome has enhanced with the application of next generation sequencing [ 6 ].…”

“…Applying this technique, intestinal microbiota and their interactions with the chicken host have been elucidated in experimental infection models with several pathogens, for instance, infection with Eimeria tenella led to relative increase of Enterobacteriaceae and decrease of Lactobacillaceae [ 7 – 10 ]. Likewise, Histomonas meleagridis infection resulted in reduced gut microbial richness and diversity favouring caecal colonization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chicken layers [ 4 ]. In turkeys, such studies are still limited and dynamics of enteric microbiota, especially in the presence of inflammation and necrosis remains to be understood.…”

“…Histomonas meleagridis , a protozoal parasite is very well known to cause severe inflammation and necrosis in caeca and liver of experimentally infected turkeys, and in vitro mutual interaction of E. coli with the parasite has been shown previously [ 28 ]. In addition, in a previous co-infected model in chicken layers, H. meleagridis enhanced the penetration of E. coli throughout the caecal tissue [ 4 ]. The present study was therefore conducted in turkeys with the following two main objectives: (i) to investigate the dynamics of intestinal E. coli population and a possible microbial shift related to the pathology induced by H. meleagridis infection in the gut, and (ii) to assess the consequences of inflammation and necrosis on caecal wall penetration with E. coli and their systemic translocation.…”

Comparison of overfeeding effects on gut physiology and microbiota in two goose breeds

“…It was consistent with a new research result that Enterobacter cloacae administration induced the subcutaneous fat accumulation in the high-fat diet–fed mice ( Keskitalo et al., 2018 ). Pathogenic bacteria entering the intestinal tract reduced the species and number of intestinal microorganisms by producing toxins and harmful substances and reduced the diversity of intestinal flora ( Abdelhamid et al., 2020 ; Siddiqui et al., 2020 ). In the current experiment, force-feeding influence decreased the gene expression of E. coli in Tianfu Meat Goose after overfeeding.…”