Co-infection of Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV infection and its risk factors among prison inmates in Umuahia, Abia State, South Eastern Nigeria

Abstract

Background A study was conducted to determine the co-infection of Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV infection prevalence and its risk factors among prison inmates in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 350 inmates (280 males and 70 females) participated in the study. Three hundred and fifty (350) blood and urine samples including 70 high vaginal swabs (from females) were screened using direct serological and wet mount methods respectively. Structured questionnaire were administered to obtain socio-demographic and behavioral risk factor data. Results An overall prevalence 43.4% was recorded for Trichomonas vaginalis single infection and 2.6% for HIV single infection. A total of 8(2.3%) prevalence for Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV co-infection were recorded in our study. Females recorded more infection (2.8%) than their male counterpart (2.1%). Age groups 21–30 and 31–40 had highest prevalence in male and age group 31–40 in females. This study also identified multiple sex partners and unprotected sex as the major risk factors that influence transmission of T. vaginalis and HIV infection although was insignificant. Conclusions Prevalence of T. vaginalis and HIV co-infection was minimal, however, should not be ignored. Adequate healthcare facility should be provided in the prison. Inmates should be tested and treated upon their release to reduce the spread of the infection to the general population.

Intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among prison inmates in Southern Ghana: A cross‐sectional study

“…A comparable prevalence of 39.3% has been reported in Cameroon, 12 while lower prevalence of 33.5% has been found in a Guinean Prison, 5 24.7% observed in Kenyan prisons, 4 22.8% among inmates in Jos, Nigeria, 3 26.5% in Malaysian prison, 13 and 6% prevalence in Nepal prison 14 . Conversely, a higher prevalence of 48.1% has been found among Arba Minch inmates in Southern Ethiopia 6 and 48.8% among inmates in Umuahia Abia State in Nigeria 15 …”

“…14 Conversely, a higher prevalence of 48.1% has been found among Arba Minch inmates in Southern Ethiopia 6 and 48.8% among inmates in Umuahia Abia State in Nigeria. 15 The variation in prevalence among the prisons in various countries may be due to different inmate populations and overcrowding conditions as well as varying water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions.…”

“… 14 Conversely, a higher prevalence of 48.1% has been found among Arba Minch inmates in Southern Ethiopia 6 and 48.8% among inmates in Umuahia Abia State in Nigeria. 15 …”

The HIV and Syphilis Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Incarcerated Individuals in Port Harcourt

“…Among prisoners, the prevalence of these infections is significantly higher compared to the general population [16]. Infection with HIV has been shown to be prevalent among inmates globally [10,17], within the African continent [18,19], and in Nigeria as well [20][21][22], with prevalence rates ranging from 2.76% in Northern Nigeria to 3.9% in Southern Nigeria [20,22]. Studies have also shown that a higher burden of syphilis exists among prisoners than in the general population [23,24], reporting a prevalence of 2.89% [25], to as high as 11.6% [23], with an even higher prevalence of 31.7% reported in a Pakistani study [26].…”