Co-infections determine patterns of mortality in a population exposed to parasite infection

Woolhouse, Mark; Thumbi, Samuel M.; Jennings, Amy; Chase-Topping, Margo; Callaby, Rebecca; Kiara, Henry K.; Oosthuizen, Marinda C.; Mbole-Kariuki, Mary; Conradie, Ilana; Handel, Ian; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Njiiri, Evalyne Nyawira; Collins, Nicola E.; Murray, Gemma G. R.; Tapio, Miika; Auguet, Olga Tosas; Weir, William; Morrison, W. Ivan; Kruuk, Loeske E. B.; Bronsvoort, Barend M. deC.; Hanotte, Olivier; Coetzer, Koos; Toye, Philip G.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400026

Cited by 67 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This savings does not account for additional savings through reduction of labor for application. The reduction of acaricide applications may indirectly amplify the impact of ECF vaccine adoption at the herd level because decreased acaricide use has been shown to allow infection with nonpathogenic Theileria species that provide at least partial protection against ECF due to T. parva ( 12 ). Alternatively, the reduction of acaricide use may result in an increase in other tick-borne diseases, which would likely reduce the net savings from less frequent acaricide use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock vaccinations translate into increased human capital and school attendance by girls

et al. 2016

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock vaccinations translate into increased human capital and school attendance by girls

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover a recent study has 334 suggested that the pathological effect of T. parva is mitigated by the presence of less 335 pathogenic Theileria spp. resulting in substantial reduction in the risk of morbidity and 336 mortality due to co-infection by congeneric parasites (Woolhouse et al, 2015). Theileria sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular surveillance of Theileria parasites of livestock in Oman

Al-Fahdi

Al-Qamashoui²,

Al-Hamidhi

et al. 2017

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…The parasite community structure might also explain the observed virulence. The nature of co‐infections can have consequences for future infection risk (Telfer et al., ) and for host fitness (Beechler et al., ; Johnson & Hoverman, ; Woolhouse et al., ). In the Colesdalen‐Semmeldalen‐Reindalen valley system on Svalbard, where this study was conducted, O. gruehneri is the numerically dominant parasite (Carlsson, Irvine, et al., ; Irvine et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasite community structure might also explain the observed virulence. The nature of co-infections can have consequences for future infection risk (Telfer et al, 2010) and for host fitness (Beechler et al, 2015;Johnson & Hoverman, 2012;Woolhouse et al, 2015). In the Colesdalen-Semmeldalen-Reindalen valley system on Svalbard,…”

Section: Effect Of Treatment On Body Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Little impact of over‐winter parasitism on a free‐ranging ungulate in the high Arctic

Carlsson

Albon

Coulson³

et al. 2018

Functional Ecology

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Abstract1. Macroparasites have a central place in wildlife ecology because they have the potential to regulate host populations through effects on reproduction and/or survival. However, there remains a paucity of studies that have demonstrated the regulatory role of these parasites in free-ranging animals. Previous work on Svalbard reindeer demonstrated that the experimental removalof the parasitic gastrointestinal nematode Ostertagia gruehneri transmitted in summer, improved reindeer fecundity, and that the species was capable of mediating a density-dependent reduction in fecundity.3. The main coexisting parasitic nematode in the system, Marshallagia marshalli, exhibits a contrasting life history with low abundances in summer and an increase during the winter. Here, we examine the impact of this over-winter infection on fitness of female reindeer in the same population.4. Worm burdens were removed at the start of the winter in October using a novel delayed-release anthelmintic bolus. Body mass and pregnancy rates were recorded for animals recaptured five (February) and seven (April) months later. The sub-set of treated animals recaptured in February was treated again with anthelmintic to remove newly acquired nematodes. The experiment was replicated over six winters (2006/2007-2011/2012) with a total of 343 recaptures, comprising 145 individual animals.5. We found little effect of anthelmintic treatment on reindeer body mass or pregnancy rates during the winter, suggesting that nematode infection during this time does not significantly affect fitness of Svalbard reindeer.6. Our studies are consistent with marked virulence nutritional trade-offs in this system and highlights the need to integrate studies of parasite co-infection, interspecific competition and community ecology to understand parasite impacts on hosts.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Co-infections determine patterns of mortality in a population exposed to parasite infection

Abstract: Highly protective effect of co-infections on mortality due to East Coast fever and consequences for disease epidemiology and control.

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Livestock vaccinations translate into increased human capital and school attendance by girls

Livestock vaccinations translate into increased human capital and school attendance by girls

Molecular surveillance of Theileria parasites of livestock in Oman

Little impact of over‐winter parasitism on a free‐ranging ungulate in the high Arctic

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