Co-occurrence of West Nile Fever and circovirus infection in a goose flock in Hungary

Gianni, Robert; Ferenczi, Emöke; Ivánics, Éva; Bakonyi, Tamás; Mató, Tamás; Zarka, Péter; Palya, Vilmos

doi:10.1080/03079450500268039

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The presence of 11 positive USUV birds, 3 of which showed sign of probable USUV infection, and the absence of WNV-positive birds in passive surveillance could be the clue of a greater USUV pathogenicity for these animals, compared to WNV, as pointed out by the rarity of bird mortality episodes due to WNV in Europe [5], [15], [27], [28], [49], [50], [51]. The coevolution of birds and WNV in Europe, led by the virus circulation for many years among both migrant and resident birds [50], [52] could have enhanced the possible minor pathogenicity of WNV for wild birds, while a greater USUV pathogenicity for these animals could be due to its recent introduction and the lack of adaptation to the European reservoirs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosquito, Bird and Human Surveillance of West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) in 2010

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn 2008, after the first West Nile virus (WNV) detection in the Emilia-Romagna region, a surveillance system, including mosquito- and bird-based surveillance, was established to evaluate the virus presence. Surveillance was improved in following years by extending the monitoring to larger areas and increasing the numbers of mosquitoes and birds tested.Methodology/Principal FindingsA network of mosquito traps, evenly distributed and regularly activated, was set up within the surveyed area. A total of 438,558 mosquitoes, grouped in 3,111 pools and 1,276 birds (1,130 actively sampled and 146 from passive surveillance), were tested by biomolecular analysis. The survey detected WNV in 3 Culex pipiens pools while Usutu virus (USUV) was found in 89 Cx. pipiens pools and in 2 Aedes albopictus pools. Two birds were WNV-positive and 12 were USUV-positive. Furthermore, 30 human cases of acute meningoencephalitis, possibly caused by WNV or USUV, were evaluated for both viruses and 1,053 blood bags were tested for WNV, without any positive result.Conclusions/SignificanceDespite not finding symptomatic human WNV infections during 2010, the persistence of the virus, probably due to overwintering, was confirmed through viral circulation in mosquitoes and birds, as well as for USUV. In 2010, circulation of the two viruses was lower and more delayed than in 2009, but this decrease was not explained by the relative abundance of Cx. pipiens mosquito, which was greater in 2010. The USUV detection in mosquito species confirms the role of Cx. pipiens as the main vector and the possible involvement of Ae. albopictus in the virus cycle. The effects of meteorological conditions on the presence of USUV-positive mosquito pools were considered finding an association with drought conditions and a wide temperature range. The output produced by the surveillance system demonstrated its usefulness and reliability in terms of planning public health policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WNV and USUV show several common characteristics: the main vectors of both viruses are largely ornithophilic mosquitoes, mainly of the genus Culex ; wild birds are principal reservoirs of WNV and potentially also of USUV; both viruses can be pathogenic for these host species [1], [3], [5], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito, Bird and Human Surveillance of West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) in 2010

et al. 2012

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“…Previous studies have shown that coinfection and other stressors can contribute to high death rates within captive flocks ( 3 ). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although hundreds of avian species are susceptible to infection, few instances of disease in commercial flocks of domestic or exotic birds have been reported. WNV infection in domestic geese has been documented in Israel ( 1 ), Canada ( 2 ), and Hungary ( 3 ). These outbreaks were characterized by substantial deaths and high seroprevalence rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus Infection in Commercial Waterfowl Operation, Wisconsin

Meece¹,

Kronenwetter-Koepel²,

Vandermause³

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Based on histopathologic alterations, serologic investigations, and nucleic acid detection by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), WNV was diagnosed as the cause of the disease ( 19 ). Chronologically and geographically related to the outbreak in geese, a serologically confirmed WNV outbreak was also observed in humans, which involved 14 cases of mild encephalitis and meningitis ( 20 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%