Co-Production of Bisphenylpropanoid Amides and Meroterpenes by an Endophytic Penicillium brasilianum Found in the Root Bark of Melia azedarach

Abstract

A fungus, isolated from the root bark of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae), from which a series of meroterpenes have been reported, was identified as Penicillium brasilianum based on analysis of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. From a rice culture of this fungus, the known phenylpropanoid amides brasiliamide A and B were obtained together with and a new, slightly modified congener, along with the meroterpenoids preaustinoid A1, preaustinoid B2 and austinolide. The compounds were isolated by the use of combined chromatographic procedures and identified by physical methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR experiments, with distinction for 1H{15N} HMBC applied to brasiliamide A. The amides were tested for their antimicrobial activity and showed only weak inhibitory effects, against a set of pathogenic bacteria

Studies on Endophytic Fungi of Calotropis Procera (L.) R.Br. with A View to Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Actvities Mediated by Extracellular Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles.

“…Two antioxidants, pestacin and isopestacin are produced by Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus residing in Terminalia morobensis in Papua New Guinea (Harper et al, 2003). Another antioxidant compound phenylpropanoid amide has been isolated from endophytic fungus Penicillium brasilianum that reside in Melia azedarach (Fill et al, 2010). The results of this study represent that endophytic fungi may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants.…”

Current Understanding of Endophytes: Their Relevance, Importance, and Industrial Potential

“…There are some evidences that bioactive compounds produced by endophytes could be substitute approaches for innovation of new drugs, as various natural products of plants, microorganisms and marine sources were identified as anticancer agents [89]. The anticancer properties of several secondary metabolites from have been investigated.…”

“…Endophytes can produce lots of metabolites such as indole acetic acid (IAA), indole acetonitrile, gibberlin and cytokine, can play important role in promoting root elongation and plant growth [89]. Zhang isolated 5 endophytic fungi from medicinal plants and 5 kinds of phytohormone were extracted from the fungal fermented liquid and mycelia, which were proved to promote orchid growth [111].…”

Austin, dehydroaustin and other metabolites from Penicillium brasilianum

“…4 Isolation of novel compounds with convulsive activity from this species has been recently reported and named brasiliamides A, B, 5 C, D and E. 6 Brasiliamides A, B, meroterpenoids preaustinoid A1, preaustinoid B2, austinolide along with, brasiliamide F, were also reported as metabolites from Penicillium brasilianum, isolated as an endophyte from Melia azedarach. 7 Brasiliamide A presented bacteriostatic activity against B. subtilis. 7 Penicillium brasilianum Batista was one of the 150 fungal species isolated from soil of the Serra do Cipó National Park (MG, Brazil) and its ethylacetate extract was identified as one of the most active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on a screening for antibacterial compounds, thus motivating the study of the metabolites responsible for the antibacterial activity in this extract.…”

“…7 Brasiliamide A presented bacteriostatic activity against B. subtilis. 7 Penicillium brasilianum Batista was one of the 150 fungal species isolated from soil of the Serra do Cipó National Park (MG, Brazil) and its ethylacetate extract was identified as one of the most active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on a screening for antibacterial compounds, thus motivating the study of the metabolites responsible for the antibacterial activity in this extract. 8 Meroterpenes are secondary metabolites found in plants, marine invertebrates and microorganisms that have been frequently isolated in fungi from Penicillium and Aspergillus genera.…”