Co‐Solvent Engineering Contributing to Achieve High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Based on Anti‐Solvent Free Technology

Abstract

The pinhole‐free and defect‐less perovskite film is crucial for achieving high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which can be prepared by widely used anti‐solvent crystallization strategies. However, the involvement of anti‐solvent requires precise control and inevitably brings toxicity in fabrication procedures, which limits its large‐scale industrial application. In this work, a facile and effective co‐solvent engineering strategy is introduced to obtain high‐ quality perovskite film while avoiding the usage of anti‐solvent. The uniform and compact perovskite polycrystalline films have been fabricated through the addition of co‐solvent that owns strong coordination capacity with perovskite components , meanwhile possessing the weaker interaction with main solvent . With those strategies, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22% has been achieved with the optimal co‐solvent, N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and without usage of anti‐solvent. Subsequently, PSCs based on NMP show high repeatability and good shelf stability (80% PCE remains after storing in ambient condition for 30 days). Finally, the perovskite solar module (5 × 5 cm) with 7 subcells connects in series yielding champion PCE of 16.54%. This strategy provides a general guidance of co‐solvent selection for PSCs based on anti‐solvent free technology and promotes commercial application of PSCs.

High-Entropy Design for 2D Halide Perovskite

“…XRD is employed to analyze the phase evolution during immersion into water. After soaking in water for 2 h, the XRD pattern of the initial (CHA) 2 PbBr 4 sample shows obvious second phases (about the intermediate phase and some complex of (CHA) 2 PbBr 4 hydrolysis , ), indicating that (CHA) 2 PbBr 4 begins to decompose in water within 2 h. As the time of immersion in water increases, the XRD strength of the second phase continues to increase while the crystallization peak of (CHA) 2 PbBr 4 gradually weakens. After soaking in water for 18 h, the XRD signals of the second phases far exceed those of (CHA) 2 PbBr 4 , which means that most of the samples have decomposed in water.…”

Templated-seeding renders tailored crystallization in perovskite photovoltaics: path towards future efficient modules

“…Finally, the perovskite solar module (5 × 5 cm) with 7 sub cells connects in series, yielding a champion PCE of 16.54%. 77 Despite the potential benefits of employing volatile solvents to mitigate the need for anti-solvents, the inherent drawback lies in the rapid nucleation process, which generates a multitude of densely packed nuclei and poses environmental concerns due to the volatilization of these solvents. Rapid solvent evaporation during the fabrication process can result in the formation of smaller grain structures and densely packed nucleation sites.…”

Anti-solvent engineering enables efficient ambient-processed halide perovskite solar cells

“…These include optoelectronic properties such as high absorption coefficients, adjustable bandgap, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low exciton binding energy, and a cost-effective manufacturing process. 1–3 Their distinct characteristics render them exceptionally appropriate for various applications, spanning lighting, 4,5 lasers, 6 sensing and imaging, 7,8 and photovoltaics 9 (PVs). Within the field of PVs, a notable increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been recorded in recent years.…”