CO₂electro-valorization to dimethyl carbonate from methanol using potassium methoxide and the ionic liquid [bmim][Br] in a filter-press electrochemical cell

Abstract

applications, and has been suggested as a potential gasoline additive. However, DMC has traditionally been produced from hazardous phosgene and CO routes, which encourages the interest in developing new processes. The aim of this work is to study the valorization process for the direct electrosynthesis of DMC from CO 2 and methanol using CH 3 OK and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, avoiding the addition of carcinogenic compounds.This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/jctb.4445 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Accepted Article Accepted Article RESULTS: The evolution of the concentration of DMC was studied in a filter-press electrochemical cell with anodic and cathodic compartments separated by a Nafion 117 membrane, operating for 48 h. A final DMC concentration of 15.07 mmol·L -1 was observed.Moreover, analysis of the by-products obtained in the process revealed the formation of tetramethyl orthocarbonate and dimethoxymethane, which were detected and quantified in the liquid phase. A simplified reaction scheme was also proposed according to the results obtained.CONCLUSION: Unlike all previous works that used an undivided cell, the new experimental results of this study using a divided cell can serve as a reference for further research to overcome current limitations.

Morphology‐Controlled Bi2O3 Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate

“…In addition, it is generally accepted that a reaction with the Tafel slope about 118 mV dec −1 involves an initial one electron transfer step to CO 2 absorbed on the electrode surface as the chemical rate‐determining step [Eq. (2)] . In the Bi 2 O 3 ‐A catalyst case, the Tafel slope (166 mV dec −1 ) is close to 118 mV dec −1 , which implies that single‐one electron transfer to CO 2 is the rate‐determining step for CO 2 reduction [Eq.…”

“…(2)]. [57][58][59][60] In the Bi 2 O 3 -A catalyst case, the Tafel slope (166 mV dec À1 ) is close to 118 mV dec À1 , which implies that single-one electron transfer to CO 2 is the rate-determining step for CO 2 reduction [Eq.…”

“…Up to now, various methods, including chemical methods, [1] electrochemical methods, [2][3][4] and photochemical methods, [5,6] have been developed to convert and utilize carbon dioxide. Among these methods, an electrochemical method has attracted growing attention [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] since it could effectively convert CO 2 into valuable chemicals under mild conditions [17][18][19] and provide an effective and simple route for the energy storage (such as geothermal energy, solar energy and wind power). Formic acid is one of important products from the electro-reduction of CO 2 .…”

Membrane Technology in Catalytic Carbonylation Reactions

“…In 24 h, in fact, a DMC production of 9.74 mmol L −1 was obtained with a maximum concentration of 13.74 mmol L −1 [34]. When a cationic exchange membrane based on Nafion 117 was used [35], a similar concentration of DMC produced was observed. The cationic or anionic character of the membrane, therefore, seemed not to play a crucial role in DMC production.…”

“…The electrosynthesis of DMC from methanol and CO 2 using the ionic liquid [bmim] [Br] and CH 3 OK was also performed by Garcia-Herrero et al in two different works using cation and anion exchange membranes [34,35]. Among the five anion exchange membranes considered the best results were obtained with the FAB membrane, which was a based polyaromatic membrane with quaternary ammonium groups strongly cross-linked with polyether ether ketone (PEEK-WC).…”