Co‐torrefaction followed by co‐combustion of intermediate waste epoxy resins and woody biomass in the form of mini‐pellet

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate co-torrefaction followed by co-combustion of intermediate waste epoxy resins and fir in the form of mini-pellet to evaluate the potential of industrial wastes as biofuels for alternatives of coals. Cotorrefaction and co-combustion of the materials were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results suggested that most of the torrefaction had a slight influence on the wastes due to their thermal resistance properties. Conversely, fir was markedly affected by torrefaction, and the corresponding volatiles were the chemicals stripped or reacted from its components (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin). By introducing an index, both antagonistic and synergistic effects were discovered in the two-stage reaction because new compounds formed during the co-torrefaction and co-combustion processes, as a consequence of catalytic and blocking effects. Overall, co-torrefaction could make the quality of the biofuel from intermediate waste epoxy resins more homogeneous and is a promising route to transform waste epoxy resins into alternative fuels for industrial applications.

Effect of Torrefaction on the Physiochemical Characteristics and Pyrolysis of the Corn Stalk

“…The molar ratios of H/C and O/C hardly changed at low temperatures but significantly decreased at high temperatures. In particular, the molar ratios of H/C and O/C significantly decreased to 0.99 and 0.27, respectively, when the torrefaction temperature increased to 300 • C, which is comparable to conventional coals in China such as anthracite, lignite, and peat [3,36]. Overall, the results of the C, H, O and the molar ratios of H/C and O/C can be attributed to the dehydrogenation and deoxygenation reactions in torrefaction [21].…”

“…Renewable energy resources play an important role in the improvement of sustainable energy systems around the world because continuous consumption of fossil fuels results in a series of global environmental issues, such as global warming and climate changes, which negatively impact human health [1,2]. Therefore, many nations are intensively dedicated to studies of renewable energy resources to alleviate the dependence on fossil fuels [3][4][5]. Lignocellulose biomass is a significant resource for the production of fuels due to various advantages of lignocellulose biomass, including zero carbon emission, extensive availability, improved stability, and safety [6][7][8].…”

Effects of torrefaction and water washing on the properties and combustion reactivity of various wastes

“…Around 10 mg sample was loaded into a crucible which was installed in the TGA oven. The temperature program setting was the same as our previous study 31 . Briefly, the TGA oven began from room temperature and stopped at 105°C for 10 minutes to provide a dry basis.…”

“…The temperature program setting was the same as our previous study. 31 Briefly, the TGA oven began from room temperature and stopped at 105 C for 10 minutes to provide a dry basis. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 1000 C at a heating rate of 20 C/min and then held at this temperature for 10 minutes.…”

Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production

“…Reviewing the research literature on biochar, there are many types of sources that have been used as feedstocks, including algae, crops, forest waste, etc. [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, there is hardly any research on SDR upgrades by torrefaction [11].…”