Co-transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and nanospheres containing FGF-2 improve cell survival and neurological function in the injured rat spinal cord

Abstract

These results suggest a proliferative, protective, and neural inductive potential of FGF-2 for transplanted hBMSCs, as well as a possible role for sustained FGF-2 delivery along with hBMSCs transplantation in the injured spinal cord. Future studies will be required to ascertain the safety FGF-2-containing HCPNs before clinical application.

Effectiveness of muscle basal lamina carrying neural stem cells and olfactory ensheathing cells in spinal cord repair

“…Thus, 2 critical issues should be addressed to improve the effectiveness of NSC transplantation for SCI repair. First, a passage location for axon growth should be provided (Amr et al, 2014;Binan et al, 2014;Pera et al, 2014); second, a stable microenvironment rich in nutrients and nerve growth factors should be ensured (Paczkowska at al., 2013;Uesaka et al, 2013;Ladewig et al, 2014;Shin et al, 2014). MBL is a new scaffold material and is a natural biomaterial made by removing muscle cells, panniculus adiposus, membrane-associated antigens, and soluble protein; MBL is similar to the neural membrane tube.…”

Neurotrophic Factors Used to Treat Spinal Cord Injury

“…Behaviorally, there have been mixed results, with locomotor improvement reported in several studies after contusion injuries (Grulova et al, 2015;Hwang et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2006;Meng et al, 2008;Rabchevsky et al, 1999;Shin et al, 2014;Tsai et al, 2008), and with some (Chen et al, 2015;Goldshmit et al, 2014;Guzen et al, 2012;Kasai et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2008;Tsai et al, 2006) or no (Meijs et al, 2004) functional improvement after complete transection. A human trial using FGF1 and fibrin glue in nine patients with cervical SCI reported improvement in ASIA grade for some patients, as well as some improvement in bowel/ bladder function and reduced neuropathic pain for one patient .…”

“…Intrathecal administration typically involves osmotic pumps to continuously deliver FGF to (or near) the lesion over days or weeks Kojima & Tator, 2002;Lee et al, 1999;Rabchevsky et al, 1999). FGF has also been delivered in association with Schwann cells or peripheral nerve (PN) grafts, released by carriers such as gelfoam, gelatin, fibrin glue, HEMA-MOETACL hydrogels alginate scaffolds or from nanoparticles (Chen et al, 2015;Furuya et al, 2013;Grulova et al, 2015;Guzen et al, 2012;Kang et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2008Lee et al, , 2010Meijs et al, 2004;Meng et al, 2008;Shin et al, 2014;Tsai et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2008). A recent study successfully delivered FGF2 (a known mitogen for stem cell self-renewal) via subcutaneous injection to give improved outcomes (Goldshmit et al, 2014).…”

Nanoparticle Technologies in the Spinal Cord

“…1 , 2 ) [see also Kim et al, 2009;Shin et al, 2014;Cox et al, 2015;Papa et al, 2016]. These polymers have been widely used in many applications, give consistent release profiles and show minimal toxic effects in both in vitro bioassays and in vivo injections.…”

“…The normal function of the BSB is to protect the spinal cord from toxins and, because it is so efficient, it also excludes the vast majority of therapeutic agents [Pardridge, 2005]. Nanoparticles are being developed that facilitate passage through the BSB and facilitate extended therapeutic delivery at lesions, cell tracking, and/or imaging in the brain and spinal cord [Hu et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2009;Wiley et al, 2013;Shin et al, 2014]. The advancement of nanoparticle technologies has the potential to lead to innovative translational therapies in the spinal cord, some of which are highlighted in this review.…”