Co-treatment of Brazilein Enhances Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin on WiDr Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Cell Cycle Arrest

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The presence of adverse side effects limits the use of doxorubicin (Dox) despite its cost-effectiveness compared to other chemotherapeutic agents. Brazilein (Be), the major compound of Caesalpinia sappan, performs co-chemotherapeutic potency in several cancer cell lines. This study evaluates the chemosensitizing effects of Be to Dox on colon cancer cell line, WiDr.METHODS: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Be and its combination with Dox. The synergistic effect of Be and Dox was examined by using the Combination index (CI) parameter. Cell cycle and apoptosis profiles were done using flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI)/RNase and Annexin V staining, respectively.RESULTS: The combination of Dox and Be at half of IC50 on WiDr cells showed a synergistic effect with a combination index of 0.4. Analysis of the cell cycle revealed that the combination caused cell cycle termination at the S and G2/M phase. This finding corresponded with the data that single treatment of Dox and Be induced cell cycle arrest at the different phases, namely S and G2/M phase, respectively. However, the combination treatment for 24 hours did not induce apoptosis. This combination should be further clarified as there was a possibility that many cells may underwent permanently arrest that halts to proceed apoptosis.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that Be synergizes with Dox to suppress the growth of WiDr cells via cell cycle arrest, hence, Be is potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent. Our findings suggested that Be synergizes with Dox to suppress the growth of WiDr cells via cell cycle arrest, hence, Be is potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent.KEYWORDS: Brazilein, colon cancer WiDr, co-treatment, Doxorubicin, cell cycle arrest

Brazilin Isolated from Caesalpina Sappan Wood Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis on A549 Cancer Cell Line by Increasing p53, caspase-9, and caspase-3

“…Brazilin was also reported to enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agent. Combining brazilin with Adriamycin or cisplatin potentiates the inhibition of MCF7/Her-2 cells migration and the growth inhibition of WiDr cell lines (Utami et al, 2020).…”

Electrospun nanofibers synthesis enhancing the activity of energy storage devices/electrochemical and biosensor applications

“…The accurate evaluation of subtle or minute normal pressures plays a vital role in precisely gauging external stimuli exerted on curved and energetic surfaces, such as human epidermis and organic tissues [123]. Due to their porous structures and remarkable elasticity, electrospun nanofiber rugs exhibit exceptional resilience when subjected to repeated external pressure.…”

Effect of light exposure on secondary metabolites production of an endophytic fungus Arthrinium rasikravindrae and its antioxidant and anticancer activities

“…The viability of combined sample added at different time points resulted in more cell death as compared to administration of doxorubicin or the extract alone. It has been observed that doxorubicin-induced WiDR cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phase (Utami et al 2020). Considering the higher level of cell death due to different time points of administration of extract towards doxorubicin suggested that doxorubicin may induced cell cycle arrest which then be abrogated by the presence of extract.…”