Background: The prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 39.05% in Sukoharjo in 2015, which is far bellow the national target of 80%. A study has shown that massage oxytocin increases oxytocin (OT) hormone release, and eventually decreases adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), nitric oxide (NO), and beta-endorphin (BE). This OT hormone release will increase milk ejection, which facilitate milk production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of breast care and oxytocin massages on breast milk production in post-partum mothers. Subjects and method: This was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), conducted at Sukoharjo Hospital, Central Java 19 October to November 18, 2016. A total of 90 post -partum mothers were selected at random and then allocated into breast care group and oxytocin massage group. The dependent variable was breast milk production. The independent variable was breast care and oxytocin massage. Changes in breast milk production before and after intervention between the two groups were tested by Mann-Whitney test. Results: The increase in breast milk production in breast care and oxytocin massage group (mea = 17.37, SD= 9.70) was larger than that of the control group (mean= 1.58, SD= 1.69), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion:Breast care and oxytocin massage can significantly increase breast milk production. Post-partum mothers are recommended to practice breast care and oxytocin massage, in order to increase breast milk production.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant cancer among women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Pap smear has been recognized as an effective strategy for reducing the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of Pap smear utilization for cervical cancer early detection in women of reproductive age using path analysis model. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Cilongok and Ajibarang Sub-districts, Banyumas, Central Java, from January 3 to February 3, 2018. A total sample of 200 women reproductive age was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was Pap smear utilization. The independent variables were education level, attitude, perception on the quality health care, access to the health center, family support, peer support, and health personnel support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: Pap smear utilization was positively and directly associated with education (b = 2.63; 95% CI= 1.77 to 3.48 p<0.001), perception on quality of health care (b= 1.04; 95% CI= 0.22 to 1.86; p= 0.012), attitude (b= 1.48; 95% CI= 0.51 to 2.44 p= 0.003), access to health center (b=1.02; 95% CI= 0.20 to 1.84 p= 0.015), family support (b= 1.29; 95% CI= -0.22 to 2.61; p= 0.029), and health personnel support (b= 2.02; 95% CI= 0.60 to 3.45 p= 0.005). Pap smear utilization was indirectly associated with peer support through perception on quality health care (b = 0.66; 95%= -0.01 to 1.33 p = 0.031). Conclusion: Education, perception on quality of health care, attitude, access to health center, family support, and health personnel support are directly associated with Pap smear utilization.

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Background: Studies have investigated the effects of obesity on cancer development. However, the relationship between obesity and cervical cancer risk is unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of obesity, oral contraceptive and passive smoking on the risk of cervical cancer. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, from October to December 2018. A sample of 200 patients was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 100 cervical cancer patients and 100 non cervical cancer patients. The dependent variable was cervical cancer. The independent variables were obesity, oral contraceptive use, smoking exposure, parity, age at first sexual intercourse, and family history. The data were obtained from medical record. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results:The risk of cervical cancer increased with obesity (OR= 6.83; 95%CI= 2.44 to 19.17; p<0.001), cigarette smoke exposure (OR= 12.57; 95% CI= 4.59 to 34.41; p<0.001),oral contraceptive use (OR= 3.43; 95%CI= 1.27 to 9.25; p= 0.015), parity (OR= 3.94; 95%CI= 1.47 to 10.59; p= 0.006), and family history (OR= 5.63; 95%CI= 1.94 to 16.34; p= 0.001).The risk of cervical cancer decreased with delayed menarche (OR= 0.24; 95%CI= 0.09 to 0.68; p= 0.007) and delayed age at first sexual intercourse (OR= 0.21; 95%CI= 0.86 to 0.53; p= 0.001). Conclusion:The risk of cervical cancer increases with obesity, oral contraceptive use, smoking exposure, parity, and family history.The risk of cervical cancer decreases with delayed menarche and delayed age at first sexual intercourse.

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