Co-variation of plasma sodium, taurine and other amino acid levels in critical illness

Chiarla, Carlo; Giovannini, Ivo; Siegel, John H.

doi:10.1007/s00726-002-0329-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition, we demonstrated the relationship between plasma volume and amino acid metabolism after the occurrence of trauma 30 . Recent investigations pointed out the inverse correlation between plasma taurine and sodium in the critically ill patients, particularly in trauma assosiated with sepsis 35 . Moreover, the increase of citokines (interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α − IL-1 and TNFα), eicosanoides, malondialdehyde, and other osmotically active components were observed following a blast injury, too [3][4][5][6][7][8]36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between both oxidative and metabolic-osmotic cell damages and initial injury severity in bombing casualties

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between both oxidative and metabolic-osmotic cell damages and initial injury severity in bombing casualties

et al. 2006

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“…As it can be formed in vivo from the metabolism of other sulphur-containing nutrients, its excretion may exceed the daily dietary intake ( 10 ) . In pathophysiological status, the endogenous production of taurine from its precursors is limited and the excretion can be incremented ( 11 ) , and thus the intake of taurine should be increased to maintain physiological levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

A preclinical study to model taurine pharmokinetics in the undernourished rat

et al. 2018

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Malnutrition is a common feature of chronic and acute diseases, often associated with a poor prognosis, including worsening of clinical outcome, owing, among other factors, to dysfunction of the most internal organs and systems affecting the absorption, metabolism and elimination of drugs and nutrients. Taurine is involved in numerous biological processes and is required in increased amounts in response to pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the behaviour of taurine in well-nourished (WN) rats and to analyse the influence of protein-energy undernutrition on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of taurine, using a PK model. Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two groups, WN and undernourished (UN), and taurine was administered intravenously or orally at different doses: 1, 10 and 100 mg. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of plasma levels was performed using the NONMEM 7.2 program. Several distribution and absorption models were explored in combination with dose and/or time covariate effects. Covariates such as nutritional status, serum albumin, body weight and score of undernutrition were used. A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model with zero-order endogenous formation, passive absorption, first-order kinetics distribution and non-linear elimination with parallel Michaelis-Menten excretion and reabsorption processes best described taurine pharmacokinetics. Undernutrition acted as a covariate reducing the V max of the active elimination process. Data analysis showed linear absorption and distribution, and non-linear elimination processes for taurine. Elimination of taurine was reduced in UN animals, suggesting that the reabsorption process via the secretion transporter was modified in that group.

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Effects of Taurine on Nitric Oxide and 3-Nitrotyrosine Levels in Spleen During Endotoxemia

et al. 2011

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Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free sulfur-containing β-amino acid which has antioxidant, antiinflammatory and detoxificant properties. In the present study, the role of endotoxemia on peroxynitrite formation via 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) detection, and the possible antioxidant effect of taurine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated guinea pigs were aimed. 40 adult male guinea pigs were divided into four groups; control, endotoxemia, taurine and taurine+endotoxemia. Animals were administered taurine (300 mg/kg), LPS (4 mg/kg) or taurine plus LPS intraperitoneally. After 6 h of incubation, when highest blood levels of taurine and endotoxin were attained, the animals were sacrificed and spleen samples were collected. The amounts of 3-nitrotyrosine and taurine were measured by HPLC, and reactive nitrogen oxide species (NOx) which are stable end products of nitric oxide was measured spectrophotometrically in spleen tissues. LPS administration significantly decreased the concentration of taurine whilst increased levels of 3-NT and NOx compared with control group. It was determined that taurine treatment decreased the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and NOx in taurine+endotoxemia group. The group in which taurine was administered alone, contradiction to well-known antioxidant effect, taurine caused elevated concentration of 3-NT and NOx. This data suggest that taurine protects spleen against oxidative damage in endotoxemic conditions. However, the effect of taurine is different when it is administered alone. In conclusion, taurine may act as an antioxidant during endotoxemia, and as a prooxidant in healthy subjects at this dose.

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Co-variation of plasma sodium, taurine and other amino acid levels in critical illness

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Relation between both oxidative and metabolic-osmotic cell damages and initial injury severity in bombing casualties

Relation between both oxidative and metabolic-osmotic cell damages and initial injury severity in bombing casualties

A preclinical study to model taurine pharmokinetics in the undernourished rat

Effects of Taurine on Nitric Oxide and 3-Nitrotyrosine Levels in Spleen During Endotoxemia

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