CO2 char gasification: A systematic review from 2014 to 2020

Roncancio, Rathziel; Gore, Jay P.

doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2020.100060

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…Although the grains of solid carbon fuels derived from pistachio shells mainly consisted of carbon, small amounts of Al, Fe, Cr were detected [21,52]. Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) was used as a second method for a rapid qualitative chemical analysis of solid carbonaceous samples [53,54]. The main metallic elements that were detected were K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, and Fe, and some traces of P and Cl was visible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utilisation of Solid Fuels Derived from Waste Pistachio Shells in Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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The comprehensive results regarding the physicochemical properties of carbonaceous materials that are obtained from pistachio shells support their usage as solid fuels to supply direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells (DC-SOFCs). The influence of preparation conditions on variations in the chemical composition, morphology of the biochar powders, and degree of graphitization of carbonaceous materials were investigated. Based on structural investigations (X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy), it was observed that disordered carbon particles developed during the application of thermal treatments. The use of X-ray fluorescence enabled a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the inorganic matter in biocarbon-based samples. Additionally, the gasification of carbonaceous-based samples vs. time at a temperature of 850 °C was investigated in a H2O or CO2 gas atmosphere. The analysis demonstrated the conversion rate of biochar obtained from pistachio shells to H2, CH4 and CO during steam gasification. The electrochemical investigations of the DC-SOFCs that were supplied with biochars obtained from pistachio shells were characterized by satisfactory values for the current and power densities at a temperature range of 700–850 °C. However, a higher power output of the DC-SOFCs was observed when CO2 was introduced to the anode chamber. Therefore, the impact of the Boudouard reaction on the performance of DC-SOFCs was confirmed. The chars that were prepared from pistachio shells were adequate for solid fuels for utilization in DC–SOFCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utilisation of Solid Fuels Derived from Waste Pistachio Shells in Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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“…This also led to higher concentrations of CO and the CO concentrations were 25 vol% and 28 vol%, respectively, at the air flux of 0.21 and 0.32 kg/(m 2 s) (Figure 2e,f). It could be related to more intensive char gasification and ongoing Boudouard reaction (2) [23] as the temperatures in the reaction zone (T 1 ) were ~1050 • C and ~1280 • C, respectively, at the air fluxes of 0.21 kg/(m 2 s) and 0.32 kg/(m 2 s). However, a decrease in the CO 2 concentration was determined as well at the air flux of 0.21 kg/(m 2 s) and the obtained concentration was about 4.5 vol% (Figure 2e).…”

Section: Analysis Of Char Gasification Under Air Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intensification of Biomass and Waste Char Gasification in a Gasifier

Paulauskas¹,

Zakarauskas²,

Striūgas³

2021

Energies

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Gasification is considered a clean and effective way to convert low quality biomass to higher value gas and solve various waste utilization problems as well. However, only 80% of biomass is converted through thermal processes. The remaining part is char, which requires more time for conversion and in that case reduces the efficiency of gasifier. Seeking to optimize the process of gasification, this work focuses on the intensification of residual char gasification in a gasifier. For this purpose, three different types of char prepared from wood, sewage sludge and tire were examined under different conditions in a lab-scale gasification setup. Results showed that the air flux increase from 0.11 kg/(m2s) to 0.32 kg/(m2s) intensified the gasification process and the gasification rate increased from 0.8 to 2.61 g/min with the decrease of duration of wood char gasification by 72%. An additional introduction of pyrolysis gas into the char gasifier led to decreased bed temperatures, but the gasification rate increased from 0.8 to 1.25 g/min and from 2.61 g/min to 2.83 g/min, respectively, for the wood char and the sewage sludge char. Moreover, the use of pyrolysis gas coupled with air as the gasifying agent enhanced the composition of produced gas from char, and the CO2 concentration decreased by 1.68 vol% while the H2 concentration increased by 2.8 vol%.

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“…When industrial captured CO 2 emissions are coupled with the gasification of solid fuels, this integrated approach can be regarded as an alternative CO 2 utilization technology that turns a climate change threat into a CO-rich gas mixture, suitable for synthesizing several added-value chemicals employing downstream catalytic processes [16][17][18][19]. CO is a versatile molecule that can act as a significant precursor and intermediate for a wide range of chemicals (different types of acids, dimethyl carbonate, formamides).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the gasification of solid fuels may be conducted either isothermally or non-isothermally. Non-isothermal gasification offers the advantage of revealing the relationship between the temperature range, heating rate, and reaction characteristics [17,19]. On the other hand, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis is the optimum choice for assessing the gasification reactivity and kinetics of carbonaceous solid fuels since it is a quick and accurate method, requiring small sample amounts [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-isothermal gasification offers the advantage of revealing the relationship between the temperature range, heating rate, and reaction characteristics [17,19]. On the other hand, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis is the optimum choice for assessing the gasification reactivity and kinetics of carbonaceous solid fuels since it is a quick and accurate method, requiring small sample amounts [19]. Moreover, fixed bed lab-scale reactor gasifiers coupled with Gas Chromatography are employed to monitor the amount and composition of produced syngas, thus allowing the direct correlation of gasification performance with syngas quality [17,38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2 Gasification Reactivity and Syngas Production of Greek Lignite Coal and Ex-Situ Produced Chars under Non-Isothermal and Isothermal Conditions: Structure-Performance Relationships

et al. 2022

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The presented work explores the structural properties, gasification reactivity, and syngas production of Greek lignite fuel (LG) and ex-situ produced chars during CO2 gasification. Three different slow pyrolysis protocols were employed for char production involving torrefaction at 300 °C (LG300), mild-carbonization at 500 °C (LG500), and carbonization at 800 °C (LG800). Physicochemical characterization studies, including proximate and ultimate analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy, revealed that the thermal treatment under inert atmospheres leads to chars with increased fixed carbon content and less ordered surface structures. The CO2 gasification reactivity of pristine LG and as-produced chars was examined by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and in batch mode gasification tests under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The key parameters affecting the devolatilization and gasification steps in the overall process toward CO-rich gas mixtures were thoroughly explored. The gasification performance of the examined fuels in terms of carbon conversion, instant CO production rate, and syngas generation revealed an opposite reactivity order during each stage. TG analysis demonstrated that raw lignite (LG) was more reactive during the thermal devolatilization phase at low and intermediate temperatures (da/dtmax,devol. = 0.022 min−1). By contrast, LG800 exhibited superior gasification reactivity at high temperatures (da/dtmax,gas. = 0.1 min−1). The latter is additionally corroborated by the enhanced CO formation of LG800 samples under both non-isothermal (5.2 mmol) and isothermal (28 mmol) conditions, compared to 4.1 mmol and 13.8 mmol over the LG sample, respectively. The pronounced CO2 gasification performance of LG800 was attributed to its higher fixed carbon content and disordered surface structure compared to LG, LG300, and LG500 samples.

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CO2 char gasification: A systematic review from 2014 to 2020

Cited by 41 publications

References 213 publications

The Utilisation of Solid Fuels Derived from Waste Pistachio Shells in Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The Utilisation of Solid Fuels Derived from Waste Pistachio Shells in Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

An Intensification of Biomass and Waste Char Gasification in a Gasifier

CO2 Gasification Reactivity and Syngas Production of Greek Lignite Coal and Ex-Situ Produced Chars under Non-Isothermal and Isothermal Conditions: Structure-Performance Relationships

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