CO2 control technologiesAlstom power approach

Capture of CO2 from combustion gases in a fluidized bed of CaO

“…One of these approaches (Silaban and Harrison, 1995) involves the separation of CO 2 at high-temperatures (Ͼ600°C) using the carbonation reaction of CaO CaO ͑s͒ ϩ CO 2 ͑g͒ 3 CaCO 3 ͑s͒ T between 650°C-850°C depending on pressure (1) The background for this separation process dates back to 1867, when DuMotay and Marechal first patented the use of lime to aid the gasification of carbon by steam (Squires, 1967). The carbonation reaction can take place in a reducing atmosphere to enhance H 2 formation (Lopez-Ortiz and Harrison, 2002;Ziock et al, 2002;Lin et al, 2002;Areklett and Nygaard, 2002;Bandi et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2004), or in a combustion flue gas (Shimizu et al, 1999;Griffin et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2004). Figure 1 is a general scheme, common for all these options.…”

“…For example, it has been proposed to use heat carriers, such as sintered CaO (particle density higher than 3,000 kg/m 3 ) circulating between a high-temperature combustion chamber and the calciner, where they are also separated from the sorbent (particle density below 1,800 kg/m 3 ) by segregation. Other indirect calcination options have been proposed by Ziock et al (2002) and Griffin et al (2003). In all these options virtually pure CO 2 can be obtained in the calciner, since no gas other than CO 2 (and steam if used to lower the partial pressure of CO 2 , and the calcination temperature) can be produced from the calcination reaction.…”

Emerging CO2 capture systems

“…Various inorganic membranes made from ceramic materials or Pd and its alloys have been investigated at laboratory and pilot scale for hydrogen separation due to advantageous material properties such as tolerance of harsh conditions (Adhikari and Fernando, 2006). Oxygen (OTM) or ion (ITM) transport membranes are an active area of research for a range of stand-alone and integrated applications for separating oxygen from air for combustion and partial oxidation processes (Dyer et al, 2000;Griffin et al, 2003). Air products & chemicals have demonstrated the use of dense ceramic membranes at industrial scale to deliver 5 TPD of oxygen for over 515 days (Repasky et al, 2012).…”

Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der CO2‐Rückhaltung in Kraftwerken aus thermodynamischer Sicht

“…Diese Option ist allerdings durch die Verfügbarkeit der Brennstoffe und Preisunterschiede nur eingeschränkt realisierbar. Die Kombination von Sauerstoffübertragung und Brennstoffoxidation an der Membranoberfläche ersetzt im AZEP-Prozess die Gasturbinenbrennkammer und soll die CO 2 -Abscheidungskosten um 30 -50 % senken [8,9]. Im Aachener Oxycoal-Projekt wird eine ähnliche Anwendung für Kohle weiter entwickelt [10].…”