CO2 emissions in Beijing: Sectoral linkages and demand drivers

Abstract

Cities contribute to most of the CO 2 emissions. And the economic system at city level is much complex due to various linkaged sectors. This paper aims to analyze the economy-wide contribution of sectors and households to CO 2 emissions in Beijing (China) by utilizing a semi-closed input-output model integrated with a modified hypothetical extraction method. Results show that, compared with 2005, in 2012 (1) interprovincial export caused the largest amount of CO 2 emissions [135.5 Mt] with the main contributions arising from manufacturing (42.1 Mt); transportation, storage, and post (TSP in short, 29.1 Mt); and households (23.6 Mt); (2) across the intermediate input-output system, real estate activities accounted for the largest amount of embodied CO 2 intensity (0.07 kg per yuan) and more sectors outsourced CO 2 ; (3) tracing the integrated sector network, CO 2 linkages pointed to manufacturing and TSP dominating the internal linkages, manufacturing prominent in mixed linkages, secondary industry leading the net forward linkages, and tertiary industry dominant in terms of net backward linkages, helping control CO 2 according to its origin; (4) CO 2 emissions induced by household strikingly affected total CO 2 emissions in Beijing, mainly coming from income-oriented affects, with a large rural-urban disparity and a similar sectoral distribution pattern. Finally, we propose suggestions on carbon reduction in terms of technological interlinkages, final demand and household participation.

CO2 emissions inequality through the lens of developing countries

“…Based on the results, the effect of sector on the economy can be recognized, which allows us to identify the key sectors in the economy. As global warming has received increasing attention, the HEM has been widely applied to study the CO 2 emissions linkages of the industrial sectors in different regions [34] , [35] .…”

COVID-19 and Global Supply Chain Configuration: Economic and Emissions Impacts of Australia-China Trade Disruptions

“…The importance of each sector in bilateral imports and exports is more appropriately be ranked by the HEM. The HEM is an application of an Input-Output (I/O) approach that was first initiated by Schultz (30) and further improved by Cella (31) and Duarte at al (27). In recent years, the HEM was extended to identify the key sectors in terms of emissions through case studies of Beijing (32), China (33), and South Africa (34).…”

Prospects of industrial consumption embedded final emissions: a revision on Chinese household embodied industrial emissions

“…Under the MHEM the industrial carbon linkages are decomposed in to net forward (sales), net backward (purchases), internal (intra-sectoral) and the mixed (re-purchases) intermediate industrial CO 2 linkages. Explicitly, the model has been employed to estimate inter-sectoral 14,[18][19][20][21][22][23] and interregional 24,25 industrial carbon and pollutant linkages. Here, the MHEM has been modified to estimate urban and rural household embodied emissions from inter and intra-sectoral consumption.…”