Coagulase-negative Staphylococci

Pulverer, G.; Peters, Georg; Schumacher-Perdreau, F.

doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80120-7

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Staphylococcus epidermidis is a ubiquitous inhabitant of human skin and mucous membranes. Originally, this species was thought to rarely cause infections in normal hosts ( Pulverer et al, 1987 ). However, the number of infections caused by S. epidermidis has been steadily increasing with the growing number of immunocompromised patients in hospitals and the widespread medical use of prosthetic and indwelling devices ( Christensen et al, 1982a , b , 1994 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of Staphylococcus epidermidis O47

et al. 2020

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The skin colonizing coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis causes nosocomial infections and is an important opportunistic and highly adaptable pathogen. To gain more insight into this species, we sequenced the genome of the biofilm positive, methicillin susceptible S. epidermidis O47 strain (hereafter O47). This strain belongs to the most frequently isolated sequence type 2. In comparison to the RP62A strain, O47 can be transformed, which makes it a preferred strain for molecular studies. S. epidermidis O47's genome has a single chromosome of about 2.5 million base pairs and no plasmid. Its oriC sequence has the same directionality as S. epidermidis RP62A, S. carnosus, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus and is inverted in comparison to Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228. A phylogenetic analysis based on all S. epidermidis genomes currently available at GenBank revealed that O47 is closest related to DAR1907. The genome of O47 contains genes for the typical global regulatory systems known in staphylococci. In addition, it contains most of the genes encoding for the typical virulence factors for S. epidermidis but not for S. aureus with the exception of a putative hemolysin III. O47 has the typical S. epidermidis genetic islands and several mobile genetic elements, which include staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) of about 54 kb length and two prophages ϕO47A and ϕO47B. However, its genome has no transposons and the smallest number of insertion sequence (IS) elements compared to the other known S. epidermidis genomes. By sequencing and analyzing the genome of O47, we provide the basis for its utilization in genetic and molecular studies of biofilm formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of Staphylococcus epidermidis O47

et al. 2020

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“…Staphylococcus epidermidis is a ubiquitous inhabitant of human skin and mucous membranes that rarely causes infections in normal hosts (12,25). The increase in the number of infections by these organisms has been correlated with the growing number of immunocompromised patients in hospitals and with the widespread medical use of prosthetic and indwelling devices (e.g., intravascular catheters, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, prosthetic cardiac valves, artificial cardiac pacemakers, and orthopedic appliances) (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Tn917 insertion mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis affected in biofilm formation

et al. 1996

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Biofilm formation is thought to result from the concerted action of primary attachment to a specific surface and accumulation in multilayered cell clusters. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of transposon (Tn917) mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis O-47 which were biofilm negative in the polystyrene microtiter plate assay. Among 5,000 Tn917 insertion mutants, 4 biofilm-negative mutants were isolated. Each mutant carried one copy of Tn917. The mutants were divided into two phenotypic classes: class A (mut1 and mut1a) and class B (mut2 and mut2a). Mutants of phenotypic class A lacked four cell surface proteins, were less hydrophobic, and were affected in primary attachment to polystyrene, but were still able to form multilayered cell clusters. They were able to form a biofilm on a glass surface, a trait that was even more pronounced than in the wild-type strain O-47. Loss of several surface proteins might have led to the reduced surface hydrophobicity by unmasking hydrophilic structures, thus favoring primary attachment to a glass surface and leading to subsequent biofilm formation. Mutants of phenotype class B were able to attach to polystyrene but were unable to form multilayered cell clusters, had unchanged cell surface proteins and hydrophobicity, and were unable to form a biofilm on a glass surface. mut1 and mut2 could be complemented by wild-type DNA fragments containing the Tn917 insertion sites of mut1 and mut2, respectively. The complemented biofilmpositive clone mut1(pRC20) produced a 60-kDa protein which is postulated to function as the adhesin for binding to plastic. The traits of binding to polystyrene and the ability to form multilayered cell clusters are phenotypically and genetically distinct.

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“…Bei der Herstellung fermentierter Lebensmittel können einige Species auch als Starter-und Reifungskulturen eingesetzt werden. Die KNS galten früher als apathogen, inzwischen haben sie allerdings insbesondere als Erreger nosokomialer Infektionen an Bedeutung gewonnen (Pulverer et al, 1987;Kloos und Bannerman, 1994;Vandenesch et al, 1995;Huebner und Goldmann, 1999 (Omori und Kato, 1959) und aus den USA (Breckinridge und Bergdoll, 1971;Crass und Bergdoll, 1986)]. Erwähnenswert wäre eine Untersuchung von Lotter und Genigeorgis (1975), die acht koagulasenegative, enterotoxinbildende Isolate aus verschiedenen Quellen versuchten zu identifi zieren und zu dem Schluß kamen, daß es sich bei den Stämmen entweder um Mutanten oder um Varianten von S. aureus handeln müsse.…”

Section: Koagulasenegative Staphylokokkenunclassified

Staphylokokken-Enterotoxine: Bildung, Eigenschaften und Nachweis

2007

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Zusammenfassung: Staphylococcus aureus kann sich unter geeigneten Bedingungen in Lebensmitteln vermehren und dabei Enterotoxine bilden, die beim Konsumenten Erbrechen und Durchfall auslösen. Im Gegensatz zu dem Erreger selbst sind diese Toxine sehr widerstandsfähig insbesondere gegenüber hohen Temperaturen und können durch eine küchenmäßige Bearbeitung des sie enthaltenden Lebensmittels im allgemeinen nicht mehr inaktiviert werden. Da demnach die Anwesenheit der Staphylokokken zur Auslösung der Erkrankung nicht mehr erforderlich ist, handelt es sich bei dieser um eine typische Lebensmittelintoxikation. Die Abschätzung einer potentiellen Gesundheitsgefährdung über den Erregernachweis ist daher nur bei rohen Lebensmitteln sinnvoll. Bei Produkten, die im Verlauf ihrer Herstellung einem für die Keime abträglichen Verfahren, z. B. einer Wärmebehandlung, unterzogen wurden, kann der Thermonukleasetest (indirekter Nachweis einer Kontamination mit hoher Anzahl an Staphylokokken, unabhängig davon, ob die Erreger zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung noch präsent sind) oder der direkte Enterotoxinnachweis durchgeführt werden. Der Nachweis der Toxingene mit molekularbiologischen Verfahren hat in diesem Zusammenhang nur unterstützende Funktion, da im Fall eines positiven Ergebnisses aus diesem nicht geschlossen werden kann, daß die Gene auch exprimiert wurden, also Toxine im Lebensmittel vorhanden sind. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden der Erreger und seine Enterotoxine sowie die verschiedenen Nachweisverfahren unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der molekularbiologischen Methoden besprochen.Abstract: Under appropriate conditions, Staphylococcus aureus can grow in food and produce enterotoxins which cause vomiting and diarrhoea when ingested. In contrast to the staphylococci these toxins are resistant especially to high temperatures and are not inactivated by usual kitchen practice. As the presence of staphylococci is not essential to cause illness, this condition is a typical food poisoning. The estimation of a potential health risk by targeting the organism is therefore only appropriate to raw food. For products which underwent a procedure detrimental to the bacteria, e. g. heat treatment, testing for thermonuclease (indirect detection of a contamination with high numbers of staphylococci, irrespective of the presence of living bacteria at the time of testing) or the detection of enterotoxins can be applied. In this context, the detection of enterotoxin genes using molecular biological tests provides only supplemental information, as positive results are not evidentiary for gene expression and thus for the presence of toxins in the food. In this review, the causative organism and its toxins as well as methods of detection are discussed with special emphasis on molecular biological methods.

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Coagulase-negative Staphylococci

Cited by 13 publications

References 183 publications

The Genome of Staphylococcus epidermidis O47

The Genome of Staphylococcus epidermidis O47

Characterization of Tn917 insertion mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis affected in biofilm formation

Staphylokokken-Enterotoxine: Bildung, Eigenschaften und Nachweis

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