Coal dust exposure and mortality from ischemic heart disease among a cohort of U.S. coal miners

Landen, Deborah D.; Wassell, James T.; McWilliams, Linda J.; Patel, Ami

doi:10.1002/ajim.20986

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Exposure to different size fractions of particulate matter (PM) has adverse health effects on human health in environmental and occupational settings (Antonini 2003; Bhatti et al 2011; Landen et al 2011; Polichetti et al 2009; Samet and Krewski 2007). Particle deposition in the human respiratory tract and the consequent adverse health effects that may develop depends strongly on particle size (Brown et al 2002; Schwartz and Neas 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Alphasense optical particle counter (OPC-N2) and the Grimm portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS-1.108)

Sousan

Koehler

Hallett

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

180

149

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We compared the performance of a low-cost (∼$500), compact optical particle counter (OPC, OPC-N2, Alphasense) to another OPC (PAS-1.108, Grimm Technologies) and reference instruments. We measured the detection efficiency of the OPCs by size from 0.5 to 5 μm for monodispersed, polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres. We then compared number and mass concentrations measured with the OPCs to those measured with reference instruments for three aerosols: salt, welding fume and Arizona road dust. The OPC-N2 detection efficiency for monodispersed was similar to the PAS-1.108 for particles larger than 0.8 μm (minimum of 79% at 1 μm and maximum of 101% at 3 μm). For 0.5-μm particles, the detection efficiency of OPCN2 was underestimated at 78%, whereas PAS-1.108 overestimated concentrations by 183%. The mass concentrations from the OPCs were linear (r ≥ 0.97) with those from the reference instruments for all aerosols, although the slope and intercept were different. The mass concentrations were overestimated for dust (OPC-N2, slope = 1.6; PAS-1.108, slope = 2.7) and underestimated for welding fume (OPC-N2, slope = 0.05; PAS-1.108, slope = 0.4). The coefficient of variation (CV, precision) for OPC-N2 for all experiments was between 4.2% and 16%. These findings suggest that, given site-specific calibrations, the OPC-N2 can provide number and mass concentrations similar to the PAS-1.108 for particles larger than 1 μm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Alphasense optical particle counter (OPC-N2) and the Grimm portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS-1.108)

Sousan

Koehler

Hallett

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

180

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, ultra-fine silica particles may cross the pulmonary epithelium into the vascular bed and directly affect the integrity of the vascular endothelium [9, 10]. Interestingly, cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death in patients with silicosis [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in mice exposed to crystalline silica

et al. 2016

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BackgroundOccupational and environmental exposure to crystalline silica may lead to the development of silicosis, which is characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis. A substantial number of patients diagnosed with silicosis develop pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension associated with silicosis and with related restrictive lung diseases significantly reduces survival in affected subjects. An animal model of silicosis has been described previously however, the magnitude of vascular remodeling and hemodynamic effects of inhaled silica are largely unknown. Considering the importance of such information, this study investigated whether mice exposed to silica develop pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling.MethodsC57BL6 mice were intratracheally injected with either saline or crystalline silica at doses 0.2 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg and then studied at day 28 post-exposure. Pulmonary hypertension was characterized by changes in right ventricular systolic pressure and lung histopathology.ResultsMice exposed to saline showed normal lung histology and hemodynamic parameters while mice exposed to silica showed increased right ventricular systolic pressure and marked lung pathology characterized by a granulomatous inflammatory reaction and increased collagen deposition. Silica-exposed mice also showed signs of vascular remodeling with pulmonary artery muscularization, vascular occlusion, and medial thickening. The expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as TNF-α and MCP-1 was significantly upregulated as well as the expression of the pro-remodeling genes collagen type I, fibronectin and the metalloproteinases MMP-2 and TIMP-1. On the other hand, the expression of several vasculature specific genes involved in the regulation of endothelial function was significantly attenuated.ConclusionsWe characterized a new animal model of pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary fibrosis induced by crystalline silica. Our data suggest that silica promotes the damage of the pulmonary vasculature through mechanisms that might involve endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular remodeling.

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“…A cohort study of 74,040 workers reported that each 1 mg/m 3 increase in cumulative silica exposure was associated with a 3.1 % increase in the mortality for cardiovascular diseases . Several studies have also found that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in silicosis patients of coal mines (Landen et al 2011;Morozova 2012). The positive relationship between occupational silica exposure and chronic kidney disease [standard mortality ratio (SMR) = 1.76, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.86] was observed by Olsen et al (2012) in an epidemiological study of 2,650 participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of silica exposure on the cardiac and renal inflammatory and fibrotic response and the antagonistic role of interleukin-1 beta in C57BL/6 mice

et al. 2014

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Current epidemiological studies suggest that crystalline silica exposure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease; however, the potential pathological damage of the heart and kidney and its underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. This study tried to investigate the silica-induced inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the heart and kidney and evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β) in silica-induced cardiac and renal damage. In this study, a silica-exposed model was generated by intratracheally instilling silica dust in mice. The anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used to neutralise IL-1β in the pulmonary alveolus and serum. The real-time PCR studies showed that (1) inhalational silica induced inflammatory responses in the heart and kidney by elevated mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1; (2) early fibrotic responses in the heart were observed as elevated mRNA levels of collagen I and fibronectin. What is more, fibrosis of the kidney was demonstrated by pathological results and significantly increased mRNA levels of TGF-β, collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin. Further studies showed that usage of anti-IL-1β mAb decreased the inflammatory response of the heart and kidney induced by inhalational silica and also attenuated fibrosis in the mouse kidney. In conclusion, this study found that inhaled silica induced inflammatory and early fibrotic responses in the mouse heart and inflammatory response and fibrosis in the mouse kidney. Neutralisation of IL-1β attenuated the silica-induced inflammatory response of the heart and kidney and decreased fibrosis in the mouse kidney.

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Coal dust exposure and mortality from ischemic heart disease among a cohort of U.S. coal miners

Cited by 59 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of the Alphasense optical particle counter (OPC-N2) and the Grimm portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS-1.108)

Evaluation of the Alphasense optical particle counter (OPC-N2) and the Grimm portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS-1.108)

Pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in mice exposed to crystalline silica

Effects of silica exposure on the cardiac and renal inflammatory and fibrotic response and the antagonistic role of interleukin-1 beta in C57BL/6 mice

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