Coastal dynamics of the eastern Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea: toward a quantitative assessment

Abstract

The easternmost part of the Gulf of Finland is characterized by intense coastal processes dominated by wave erosion. Reliable prediction of the coastal zone development, as well as effective strategy for coastal protection, demands a quantitative assessment of beach transformation and volume of sediment loss as a result of extreme storms. The main goal of this study based on results of terrestrial laser scanning was to establish volumes of eroded, transported, and redeposited sand during storm surge events that occurred between 2012 and 2017, and to verify a mathematical model of beach profile changes within key areas located in the Kurortny District of St. Petersburg (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea), where the longest set of levelling and terrestrial laser scanning was conducted. The resulting detailed 3D GIS models of coastal relief, based on high-resolution geodesic surveys, produced a highly reliable database of beachface transformation under the extreme storm impact and quantitative assessment of erosion volumes and sediment loss.

The application of data innovations to geomorphological impact analyses in coastal areas: An East Anglia, UK, case study

“…Yet a number of studies exist that combine such techniques (Eisemann et al, 2018;Leyland et al, 2017;Seker et al, 2003). Processes operating on the near-shore seabed are linked to erosion and deposition events occurring on beaches (Sergeev et al, 2018). As such, an understanding and integration of the influence of the offshore environment, is essential when modelling future recession rates (Poulton et al, 2006).…”

“…Additional limitations can be imposed on the use of satellite data by inconsistencies generated by rapid changes in coastal topography (Hobbs, 2008). Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) methods and ground-based photogrammetric methods are more capable of capturing details on vertical cliff faces at higher resolution, with some allowing 10cm gridding of data (Sergeev et al, 2018). However, these approaches can suffer drawbacks associated with shadowing (occlusions) when used to survey complex cliff faces, due to scanning angles (Hobbs et al, 2010).…”

“…Estimates of change are then derived by comparing the distances between survey points and the planar surface (for different epochs), along a static vector (either a horizontal or vertical distance) ( Figure 1). If DEMs or topographical meshes are created from survey data, then direct comparisons can be made between surfaces (for different epochs), either by using the reference plane method, or more directly by simply subtracting elevation values of one surface from the other (Abellán et al, 2014;Mitasova et al, 2002;Sergeev et al, 2018). Volume calculations are derived through a summation of the change values of all pixels (or cells) within a given area of interest (Kemp and Brampton, 2007;Obu et al, 2017;Zhou and Xie, 2009).…”

“…In many instances, the methods selected for generating change models in previous studies are a consequence of the options within the available software packages (Hobbs et al, 2010). A common method used in many studies is GIS data analysis (Esposito et al, 2018;Jackson et al, 2012;Mitasova, 2015;Sergeev et al, 2018). Within GIS packages, tailored products are being developed.…”

Morphological changes in the beach-foredune system caused by a series of storms. Terrestrial laser scanning evaluation

“…The technology of terrestrial laser scanning allows to obtain highly accurate results and use 3-D modeling, especially for the areas with complex morphology. This technology is used widely in researching of various natural objects (vegetation [Bienert, 2006]; water bodies [Hobbs et al, 2002], research and monitoring of landslide processes [Abellán et al, 2011;Hobbs et al, 2002;Poulton, 2006]; and coastal zone [Fabbri et al, 2017;Poulton, 2006;Sergeev et al, 2018;Volkova et al, 2018].…”