Coastal flooding due to synoptic scale, meso-scale and remote forcings

Kurian, N. P.; Nirupama, N.; Baba, M.; Thomas, K. V.

doi:10.1007/s11069-008-9260-4

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the available literature, Kurian et al . [] has reported a special case of coastal flooding during pre‐monsoon (April–May) season by the low‐frequency, high‐energy SOS on the southwest coast of India. This kind of coastal flooding by SOS is named as Kallakkadal (Kallakkadal is a term used by the fishermen in the state of Kerala in southwest of India to refer to the flash flooding events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleconnection between the North Indian Ocean high swell events and meteorological conditions over the Southern Indian Ocean

et al. 2016

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The link between North Indian Ocean (NIO) high swell events and the meteorological conditions over the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) is explored in this article, using a combination of in situ measurements and model simulations for the year 2005. High waves, without any sign in the local winds, sometimes cause severe flooding events along the south‐west coast of India, locally known as the Kallakkadal events and cause major societal problems along the coasts. In situ observations report 10 high swell events in NIO during 2005. Our study confirms that these events are caused by the swells propagating from south of 30°S. In all cases, 3–5 days prior to the high swell events in NIO, we observed a severe low pressure system, called the Cut‐Off Low (COL) in the Southern Ocean. These COLs are quasistationary in nature, providing strong (∼25 ms−1) and long duration (∼3 days) surface winds over a large fetch; essential conditions for the generation of long‐period swells. The intense equator ward winds associated with COLs in the SIO trigger the generation of high waves, which propagate to NIO as swells. Furthermore, these swells cause high wave activity and sometimes Kallakkadal events along the NIO coastal regions, depending on the local topography, angle of incidence, and tidal conditions. Our study shows that such natural hazards along the NIO coasts can be forecasted at least 2 days in advance if the meteorological conditions of the SIO are properly monitored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleconnection between the North Indian Ocean high swell events and meteorological conditions over the Southern Indian Ocean

et al. 2016

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“…The interaction of these swells with local coastal currents results in modification of waves, leading to flooding of low-lying coastal areas. The term 'kallakkadal' used in the literature (confined to the Indian coast) refers to coastal flooding of this nature in Kerala, located in southwest India 31 . Published work in this area suggests that swells generated near Antarctica propagate into the north Indian Ocean, and while encountering southward-propagating coastal current, amplifies through the nonlinear interaction between waves and currents.…”

Section: Coastal Inundation and Its Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Inundation Research:An overview of the Process

2017

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Coastal inundation is the flooding of coastal zone resulting from increased river discharge, spring tides, severe storms, or generation of powerful waves from tectonic activity (tsunami). This article discusses the critical factors that contribute to coastal inundation. Among the probable factors that cause coastal flooding and destruction, storm surge is the most frequent, and hence this article provides a detailed evaluation of the progress made in storm inundation research. Recent advances in coastal inundation modelling include efforts to understand the nonlinear dynamic interaction of near-shore waves, wind and atmospheric pressure with still water sea level and coastal currents, and their combined effects on storm surge along the coast and interaction with coastal morphology. An advanced storm-surge model comprises different modules, viz. an atmospheric component, and two ocean components for surge and wave simulations; these modules are coupled with each other. The nesting of regional coastal model with an ocean-wide model captures the far-field boundary forcing of extreme events that usually originate from the warm open ocean. Even though significant advancements reported on the efficiency and accuracy of storm surge and inundation prediction, further studies are required to understand the nonlinear interaction of storm surge with coastal landforms and their vegetation (land cover). In the context of rising sea level, increased tropical cyclone activity and rapid shoreline change, it is pertinent to evaluate the future flooding risk associated with landfall of tropical cyclones in densely populated coastal cities.

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“…A quantitative relationship exists between wind speed and water heights, as wind stress exerts a force on water that increases exponentially as wind speeds increase (Ali 1996). Kurian et al (2009) Keim and Muller (2008), adapted from Neumann et al (1993).…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the generated surge, however, as recent research has discovered the importance of other cyclonic variables on storm surge heights, some scientists may argue that these figures provided by Kurian et al (2009) overestimate the influence of wind speed. It should be noted that pre-landfall wind speeds likely influence maximum storm surge heights to a greater extent than wind speeds at landfall, especially for hurricanes that www.intechopen.com rapidly strengthen or weaken as they approach the coast.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%